Volatiles of fungal cultivars act as cues for host-selection in the fungus-farming ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 14, 2023

Many wood-boring insects use aggregation pheromones during mass colonization of host trees. Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are a model system, but much less is known about the role semiochemicals selection by ambrosia beetles. As an ecological clade within bark beetles, obligately dependent on fungal mutualists for their sole source nutrition. Mass trees growing in horticultural settings exotic can occur, cues have remained enigmatic. To elucidate this mechanism, we first characterized associates exotic, mass-aggregating beetle Xylosandrus germanus Southern Germany. Still-air olfactometer bioassays documented attraction X. to its primary nutritional mutualist Ambrosiella grosmanniae and lesser extent another common isolate (Acremonium sp.). During two-choice bioassays, was preferentially attracted branch sections (i.e., bolts) that were either pre-colonized conspecifics or pre-inoculated with A. grosmanniae. Subsequent analyses identified microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) could potentially function as germanus. our knowledge, evidence volatiles attractive Adaptive benefits responding associated infestation be locating suitable substrate cultivating symbionts and/or increasing likelihood mating opportunities flightless males. However, requires solutions evolutionary conflict arising due potential mixing vertically transmitted horizontally acquired symbiont strains, which discussed.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Purple and Green-Colored Bottle Traps on Captures of Ambrosia Beetles in Ornamental Nurseries

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 105 - 105

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

The granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), and the black stem borer, germanus (Blandford), are important pests in ornamental nurseries. effects of monitoring trap color capturing adult X. mixed literature. Because colorless bottle is commonly used to monitor beetles nurseries, it unclear if adding purple or green, for collecting cerambycids buprestids, would improve captures. Thus, objective this study was compare effect green-colored traps with on captures In 2023 2024, experiments were conducted using baited AgBio low-release ethanol lure (LR lure). Adding green did not germanus. Adult reduced green-bottle than trap. collect more numbers LR lure. This suggests that provide additional value nurseries management decisions.

Language: Английский

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Laboratory Exploration of Several Potential Biocontrol Methods Against the Ambrosia Beetle, Euwallacea interjectus

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 56 - 56

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) has recently emerged as a pest in Chinese poplar plantations, causing significant economic losses through damage to host trees association with its mutualistic fungus Fusarium populicola. This study evaluated the biocontrol potential of Beauveria bassiana strain B-BB-1, Serratia marcescens B-SM-1, metabolite prodigiosin, and two ectoparasitic mites, Pyemotes moseri zhonghuajia. B. exhibited lethality toward adult female E. interjectus, reduced offspring production, inhibited F. populicola growth. S. prodigiosin had certain lethal effects on larvae growth Both mites effectively parasitized pupae larvae, no differences efficacy between species. These agents demonstrate promise for biological control offering insights managing infestations.

Language: Английский

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Ethanol release patterns and captures of Xylosandrus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ornamental nursery

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Abstract Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky and germanus Blandford are serious ambrosia beetle pests in ornamental nurseries. Three ethanol baits, AgBio low release (LR), high (HR), Trécé commercially available for use bottle traps to determine flight activity of adult spp. However, patterns from these baits under varying temperatures captures poorly understood. Thus, the objectives this study were (i) rates constant variable (ii) compare relative using When 3-d difference (3-d difference) bait weights recorded 15.6, 21.1, 26.7, 32.2 °C, an increase was with temperature 15.6 °C LR bait. At no or reduction 3-d-difference found HR respectively, compared The steady all 3 when gradually increased decreased sequence 30 d. In 2022, 2023, 2024, although captured X. germanus, significantly more numbers than other 2 2022 greater baits. can effectively detect early adults

Language: Английский

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Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles preference of nursery tree species for attacks and colonization under water stress

Journal of Insect Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract The role of flood and drought stress on Xylosandrus ambrosia beetle attacks colonization in nursery trees with varying levels water tolerance has not yet been studied. This study aimed to examine preference for tree species their stress. Container-grown dogwoods, redbuds, red maples were exposed flood, drought, or sufficient treatments 28 d counted every third day. Stem tissues collected at 7 14 after imposing measure ethanol content using SPME-GC-MS. Trees dissected record gallery formation, fungal colonization, presence eggs, larvae, adults within the gallery. Additionally, depth was measured. Under stress, found exclusively dogwood redbud, no maple. There a higher number compared redbud. Gallery formation depth, galleries than About 85% recovered from X. crassiusculus rest germanus. Among subjected only one had attacks, while redbuds attack. Tree assigned attacked. Higher detected redbud flooded water. understanding can help growers landscapers making informed management decisions.

Language: Английский

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Flight phenology and influence of region and habitat on the abundance of Xylosandrus germanus and Anisandrus maiche (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in New York

Environmental Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract The non-native wood-boring and symbiotic fungus-culturing Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) was first reported in New York apple orchards 2013. Trapping surveys have been conducted annually since to assist growers timely applications of preventative control measures. In 2021, a similar-looking introduced species, Anisandrus maiche (Kurentsov), identified traps west central York. recorded 2005 Pennsylvania but its history unclear due potential misidentification. We collected ambrosia beetles using ethanol-baited bottle 2022 2023 at 2 commercial near Lake Ontario cider the lower Finger Lakes district. Traps were placed forest interior, edge, orchard edge each site. trapped from mid-April into early October; it abundant region less so Lakes. contrast, counts A. very high extremely low Ontario. It late-May mid-September. Most other bark beetle species uncommon. Captures X. generally highest interior declined toward usually present across habitats same time. Thus, practice trapping edges should continue. Both can potentially infest stressed trees, including orchards, throughout growing season.

Language: Английский

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Ornamental nurseries adjacent to hardwood-dominated woodlots pose more risk from exotic ambrosia beetles (Xylosandrus spp.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) than pine-dominated woodlots

Environmental Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Exotic granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), black stem borer, germanus (Blandford), and twig compactus (Eichhoff) are serious pests of woody ornamental trees in nurseries. Woodlots often surround nurseries, where the beetles fly into nurseries attack young trees. The woodlots either dominated by hardwood trees, such as Oaks (Oak spp.), maples (Acer or pine mainly loblolly (Pinus taeda L.). It is unclear if woodlot type would influence abundance beetle flying outside woodlot. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether pine-dominated stand affects relative In 2023 2024, experiments were conducted deploying 3 ethanol-lured plastic bottle traps 4 mid-Georgia (USA). overall captures X. significantly greater than both years. numbers collected not consistently different between for most sampling dates. influenced type. This suggests that although from years, risk infestation adjacent woodlots.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the push‐pull strategy in eastern apple orchards: verbenone effectively reduces ambrosia beetle populations without the need for a pull factor in a species‐specific manner

Pest Management Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Abstract BACKGROUND Non‐native ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), specifically Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), crassiusculus (Motschulsky), and more recently Anisandrus maiche (Kurentzov) are destructive wood‐boring pests of apple trees ( Malus domestica ). Previous studies have demonstrated all three beetle species strongly attracted to ethanol verbenone interrupts their attraction ethanol. We tested a ‘push‐pull’ management strategy in eastern United States orchards states New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio using sachets ‘push’ away from high release lures ‘pull’ them into clear sticky traps. Three treatment plots were established replicated twice each state: (a) only (pull), (b) (push), (c) + (push‐pull). RESULTS The most abundant captured the study X. A. both Pennsylvania. Our results showed that fewer caught traps paired with push (verbenone only) compared pull (ethanol only). However, pairing push‐pull components together did not result an increased reduction captures component, unless populations extremely high. CONCLUSION Deploying within orchard rows closest woodlot edges can significantly reduce migration orchard. © 2025 Society Chemical Industry.

Language: Английский

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First discovery of males of two ambrosia beetle species of Xylosandrus Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae), with their first records from Lao P.D.R

Zootaxa, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5604(2), P. 118 - 130

Published: March 12, 2025

Males of the two species ambrosia beetle genus Xylosandrus, X. derupteterminatus (Schedl, 1951) and eupatorii (Eggers, 1940), both them are newly recorded from Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao P.D.R), presented described for first time. Diagnostic characters, descriptions including genital morphology, distribution, molecular confirmation identification biological information their host plants provided.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial communities associated with ambrosia beetles: current knowledge and existing gaps

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 9, 2025

Ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) are wood-boring insects studied as examples of fungus-insect symbiosis for their success invasive species. While most research on microbiota has focused fungal associates, bacterial communities remain largely understudied. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge the ambrosia beetles, identify critical gaps in field, provide recommendations future research. To date, eight metabarcoding studies have explored analyzing a total 13 species, mostly within tribe Xyleborini (Scolytinae). These examined presence bacteria beetle mycetangia, organs specialized transporting symbionts, well diversity gardens whole across different life stages, under varying environmental conditions. general, appear to be highly specific differ between gardens. Most employed 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, optimal primer combination characterizing samples is 515F/806RB (V4). Various methods collecting been used, such ethanol-baited traps, direct collection from galleries, logs kept emergence cages, rearing, but which them select when planning study depends aim. A significant gap remains regarding functional roles dominant taxa, often assume that these similar those played other bark beetles. More should conducted test hypotheses various factors influencing microbial composition function, advanced molecular techniques, including (meta-) genome transcriptome sequencing, only limited number studies, could offer great potential help bridging gap.

Language: Английский

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