An optical system to detect, surveil, and kill flying insect vectors of human and crop pathogens

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Sustainable and effective means to control flying insect vectors are critically needed, especially with widespread insecticide resistance global climate change. Understanding controlling requires accurate information about their movement activity, which is often lacking. The Photonic Fence (PF) an optical system that uses machine vision, infrared light, lasers identify, track, interdict in flight. PF examines insect’s outline, flight speed, other parameters if these match those of a targeted vector species, then low-power, retina-safe laser kills it. We report on proof-of-concept tests large, field-sized (30 mL × 3 mH) conducted Aedes aegypti , mosquito transmits dangerous arboviruses, Diaphorina citri psyllid the fatal huanglongbing disease citrus. In engaged, < 1% 3% A . D respectfully, were recovered versus 38% 19% recovery when lacer was silenced. tracked, but did not intercept orchid bee, Euglossa dilemma effectively intercepted vectors, bees, at distance 30 m, heralding use photonic energy, rather than chemicals, vectors.

Language: Английский

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Change Detection for Forest Ecosystems Using Remote Sensing Images with Siamese Attention U-Net

Technologies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 160 - 160

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Forest ecosystems are critical components of Earth’s biodiversity and play vital roles in climate regulation carbon sequestration. They face increasing threats from deforestation, wildfires, other anthropogenic activities. Timely detection monitoring changes forest landscapes pose significant challenges for government agencies. To address these challenges, we propose a novel pipeline by refining the U-Net design, including employing two different schemata early fusion networks Siam network architecture capable processing RGB images specifically designed to identify high-risk areas through change across time frames same location. It annotates ground truth maps such using an encoder–decoder approach with help enhanced feature learning attention mechanism. Our proposed pipeline, integrated ResNeSt blocks SE techniques, achieved impressive results our newly created cover dataset. The evaluation metrics reveal Dice score 39.03%, kappa 35.13%, F1-score 42.84%, overall accuracy 94.37%. Notably, significantly outperformed multitasking model approaches ONERA dataset, boasting precision 53.32%, 59.97%, 97.82%. Furthermore, it surpassed models HRSCD even without utilizing land maps, achieving 44.62%, 11.97%, 98.44%. Although had lower than methods, performance highlight its effectiveness timely landscape monitoring, advancing deep techniques this field.

Language: Английский

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Functionally Modified Graphene Oxide as an Alternative Nanovehicle for Enhanced dsRNA Delivery in Improving RNAi-Based Insect Pest Control

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) has shown substantial promise as a sustainable pest management solution. However, the efficacy of RNAi-based insecticides heavily relies on advanced nanocarrier-mediated delivery systems. In this study, we modified raw graphene oxide into positively charged nanocarriers (GONs) tailored to bind with double-stranded (dsRNA). The resulting GONs@dsRNA complexes demonstrated small particle size (106 nm) and maintained stability under various conditions, including insect gut extracts, extreme pH, temperature. Furthermore, GONs efficiently transported dsRNA molecules Drosophila S2 cells Lepidoptera Sf9 cells, leading an enhanced target transcript knockdown. Targeting vacuolar ATPase gene,

Language: Английский

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The biochemical and molecular mechanisms of plants: a review on insect herbivory

Plant Signaling & Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Dec. 26, 2024

Biochemical and molecular mechanisms have been essential to reduce various insect attacks on plants. The biochemical methods are wide involving direct indirect defenses. defensive chemical substances secreted effectively the wound caused by herbivores (insects phytopathogens) Plants responded producing VOCs which draw natural enemies of insects phytopathogens. progress observed in cognition stimulus plants their potential control responses is characterized modification shifts our attention development endogenous resistance preserving crops. main objective implementing a biotechnological mechanism crop production employ durable multimechanistic alternatives pests via plant produces upon encountering attack.

Language: Английский

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Drosophila X virus‐like particles as delivery carriers for improved oral insecticidal efficacy of scorpion Androctonus australis peptide against the invasive fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 847 - 858

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

Abstract Insect‐specific neurotoxic peptides derived from the venoms of scorpions and spiders can cause acute paralysis death when injected into insects, offering a promising insecticidal component for insect pest control. However, effective delivery systems are required to help pass through gut barrier hemolymph, where they act. Here, we investigated potential novel nanocarrier, Drosophila X virus‐like particle (DXV‐VLP), delivering neurotoxin scorpion Androctonus australis Hector (AaIT) against invasive fruit fly, suzukii . Our results show that fusion proteins DXV polyproteins with AaIT peptide at their C‐termini could be sufficiently produced in Lepidoptera Hi5 cells soluble form using recombinant baculovirus expression system, self‐assemble VLPs similar morphology size authentic virions. In addition, displayed on DXV‐VLPs retained toxicity, as demonstrated injection bioassays resulted severe mortality (72%) adults after 72 h. When fed adults, mild was observed group treated DXV‐AaIT (38%), while no occurred peptide, thus indicating significant role peptides. Overall, this proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates first time exploited enhance oral insect‐specific context Moreover, it provides insights further improvements potentially development neurotoxin‐based bioinsecticides and/or transgenic crops

Language: Английский

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