Vegetation analysis and environmental indicators of an arid tropical forest ecosystem of Pakistan

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 109291 - 109291

Published: Aug. 13, 2022

Vegetation composition and/or plant species co-existence is influenced by the environmental variations in any region. The ecological knowledge and order of importance selected important conservation management resources. Based on relevant gap, study area district Jhelum, Pakistan lying an arid-tropical zone was to explore vegetation types their driving factors using latest multivariate statistical approaches. For this, entire ecologically explored collect natural wild data from January 2018 December 2020. partitioned into 171 grids (5 × 5 km2). In each grid, three sites were randomly (i.e. 513 samples), subsequently-nine plots laid at sampling site 1539 plots). Different tests including Monte Carlo permutation test, Indicator Species Analysis (ISA), hierarchical classification, ordination, variation partitioning applied seek potential number types, composition, classification studied samples, considered predictors groups variables respectively. findings this indicated that all documented 291 belong five statistically significant (p < 0.05) communities. Out thirty (30) variables, canonical correspondence analysis suggested role distance river, altitude, latitude, slope, temperature, rainfall, cropland, grazing deforestation pressure, soil pollutants chromium, arsenic nickel concentrations. Similarly, diversity patterns found strongly associated with local conditions. This concluded river (a leading proxy ground water table depth) relatively more than rainfall variability tropical arid area. Hence, relative proportion xerophytic higher western parts compared eastern adjoining Jhelum. Anthropogenic disturbances potentially toxic metals disrupting normal ecosystem functioning scale region, need immediate attention save valuable biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Invasive Plants Diversity, Ecological Status, and Distribution Pattern in Relation to Edaphic Factors in Different Habitat Types of District Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 13312 - 13312

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Our understanding of the diversity and distribution living things is crucial to conservation sustainable use biodiversity. Because biological invasions by alien species pose a significant threat native biodiversity, tracking at various geographical scales has recently gained prominence. The current study designed evaluate composition invasive plants in different habitats Mandi Bahuddin, Punjab, Pakistan. investigation explores impact environmental factors on association with edaphic geographic patterns. Diversity patterns, ecological impact, respect variables were recorded. A randomized sampling technique was used taking data from 120 sites triplet quadrates each, 360 overall, between 2019 2021 record flora associated variables. Important value indices for each determined data, cluster ordination analysis. Overall, 43 37 genera 18 families documented district Bahuddin. prominent family Poaceae ten (23.25%) followed Leguuminosae six (13.95%), Compositae five (11.62%), Amaranthaceae three (6.97%), Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae two (4.65%). Out 65 comprised herbs 52.13%, grasses 23.25%, shrubs 9.30%, trees 9.30%. In case life form Therophyte (48.83%) leading, Chamaephyte (16.27%) species, Nanophanerophyte Megaphanerophyte (11.62%) Geophyte (6.97%) Hemicryptophyte (4.65%) species. With leaf size spectra, microphylls (41.86%) dominating mesophylls (27.90%), leptophylls nanophylls macrophylls PCA applied order further understand abundance pattern find connections among locations comprising habitats. Ward’s agglomerative clustering classified one hundred twenty transects into four major groups. Ordination analysis showed that had (p ≤ 0.002) influence vegetation. provides foundation which comprehend influences plants’ composition, diversity, structure, links. These will be useful developing scientifically informed management strategies administrative agencies restoration degraded habitat studied area.

Language: Английский

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How sensitive are species distribution models to different background point selection strategies? A test with species at various equilibrium levels

Ecological Modelling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 493, P. 110754 - 110754

Published: May 17, 2024

Species distribution models (SDMs) have become central tools in ecology and biogeography. Although they can be fitted with different types of species data (e.g. presence-absence, abundance), the most common approach, based on from large repositories, is to use simple occurrences (i.e. presence-only) combined background points (BP; also called pseudo-absences). But how should we sample these points, does this choice affect SDMs? In studies so far, BP were sampled randomly geographic space, yet theory rather suggests, if a at equilibrium, that it better them stratified way environmental space. However, potential improvement SDM predictions has never been tested. Furthermore, typical assumption behind SDMs modelled are equilibrium their environment. do perform when disequilibrium, as case for invasive species? To answer questions, selected 30 (10 insects, 10 mammals plants; each group 5 considered equilibrium) calibrated selections: random random-stratified For assessed both predictive performance using standard metrics stability new approach compares model's habitat suitability projection those virtual occurrence generated suitable areas. Finally, compared alien (disequilibrium) versus native (equilibrium) by comparing model two groups. We found sampling stratified-random space yields highest metrics, fully stable models. This implications conservation, classical frequently used produce less accurate Our results indicate best accuracy essential, essential.

Language: Английский

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Naturalization of three alien plant species in Kashmir Himalaya: taxonomic and ecological aspects

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ecological Distribution Patterns of Wild Grasses and Abiotic Factors

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 11117 - 11117

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Documentation the relative influence of ecological dynamics on species diversity patterns can help us better understand spatial distribution and devise a systematically comprehensive base for carrying out environmental explorations. The current attempt aimed at exploring patterns, richness wild grasses with respect to climatic in Gujrat district Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, we applied randomized sample method sampled total 90 sites across between 2019 2021 document data related conditions. After assessment significant value index each grass records, evaluated by ordination cluster analysis. A 57 from 37 genera were documented district. leading Brachiaria, Cenchrus Setaria, accounting 7.02% all species, followed Aristida Panicum, representing 5.76% species. Dactyloctenium, Dichanthium, Eragrostis, Polypogon, Poa Saccharum accounted 5.26% Digitaria, Pennisetum, Chrysopogon Setaria 3.51% Other had single Among grasses, 75.44% native 24.56% exotic introduced study area. life forms therophytes (56.14%), hemicryptophytes (42.11%) geophytes (1.75%). Microphylls, 54.39% share, dominated leaf size spectra flora research. frequent classes included nanophylls (21.05%), macrophylls (19.3%) leptophylls (5.26%). Flowering phenology showed that mainly flowering phase recorded during months June August (40.35%) July September (19.29%). By applying Ward’s agglomerative clustering method, classified ninety transects into four major groups. Ordination analysis different factors (p ≤ 0.002) effects vegetation relations. present endeavor provides basic way impacts variables structure, diversity, composition associations which are helpful improve scientific-informed conservation management measures reestablishment degraded habitat studied region.

Language: Английский

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Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) invasion reshapes the pattern of plant communities and edaphic properties across the north-western Himalayan landscape

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 102281 - 102281

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Roadside disturbance promotes plant communities with arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in mountain regions worldwide

Ecography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(7)

Published: April 9, 2024

We assessed the impact of road disturbances on dominant mycorrhizal types in ecosystems at global level and how this mechanism can potentially lead to lasting plant community changes. used a database coordinated surveys following mountain roads from 894 plots 11 regions across globe combination with an existing mycorrhizal–plant associations order approximate relative abundance natural disturbed environments. Our findings show that roadside disturbance promotes cover plants associated arbuscular (AM) fungi. This effect is especially strong colder environments where communities are dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EcM) or ericoid‐mycorrhizal (ErM) associations. Furthermore, non‐native species, which we confirmed be mostly AM plants, more successful These biogeographical patterns suggest changes could crucial factor worldwide anthropogenic ecosystems. Indeed, roadsides foster AM‐dominated systems, AM‐fungi might aid AM‐associated species while reducing biotic resistance against invasive often also networks. Restoration efforts will have contend fundamental make‐up EcM‐ ErM induced disturbance.

Language: Английский

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Temporal effects of road disturbance on the spread of non‐native plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in subarctic mountain ecosystems

Oikos, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Roads in cold climate mountains are known to be important vectors the introduction and spread of non‐native plant species. In same context, mycorrhizal fungi communities altered by roads, with a positive effect on arbuscular (AM) diversity abundance disturbed roadsides. However, what degree these two effects roads intertwined how they evolving over time is not well understood. this study we conducted repeated surveys plants AM between 2012 2022, northern Scandes investigate temporal changes interactions plants. We found that upward lateral away from roadside into natural vegetation were so far extremely limited, only out 23 species showing an increase their upper elevational limit. cover did ten year period, especially at lower elevations, richness increased 17 Likewise, saw fungal last four years along roadsides elevations. Furthermore, our results suggest increases unlikely driving cause observed abundance, as colonization varied independently dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Dispersal limitation and temperature restrict plant invasion in a subarctic treeline environment

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Biological invasions are a serious global issue, but relatively less common at high latitudes, likely due to harsh environmental conditions and limited accessibility. An exception this is human-settled disturbed towns that may promote act as source of non-native species into the surrounding natural areas. Churchill, Manitoba, Canada (58ºN), treeline subarctic town connected by railway shipping port, over hundred plant have been recorded within footprint associated While some persisted for decades in these areas, none has spread nearby tundra or boreal forest ecosystems, making an ideal region investigate barriers invasions. We used warming experiment importance increased growing season temperatures on three perennial (Linaria vulgaris, Plantago major, Taraxacum officinale), extended both spatial temporal scale survival growth across tundra-boreal boundary several full years. found plants were able survive after manual translocation indicating low dispersal limiting factor spread. In addition, seed germination was improved warmer microsites, suggesting temperature also factor. However, consistently declined time, despite experimental manipulations remove invasion barriers. Future climate change results higher rates and/or shift from failure success.

Language: Английский

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Alien flora of the Himalayan highlands: naturalised and invasive plants in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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