Landscapes of Coexistence for terrestrial carnivores: the ecological consequences of being downgraded from ultimate to penultimate predator by humans

Oikos, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 124(10), P. 1263 - 1273

Published: April 7, 2015

Fear of predation can have major impacts on the behaviour prey species. Recently concept ecology fear has been defined and formalised; yet there relatively little focus how these ideas apply to large carnivore species which, although not sensu stricto, also experience as a result threats from humans. Large carnivores are likely subject Landscape similar that described for We argue is generic, ‘human‐caused mortality’ represents distinct very important cause carnivores, particularly terrestrial their activities overlap with those humans greater degree. introduce idea ‘Landscape Coexistence’ denote subset where sufficient areas low human‐caused mortality risk present in landscape long term coexistence then explore aspects behavioural may be best explained by mortality, nature Coexistence shaped specific factors such habitat structure, wild domestic base, human distribution behaviour. The characteristics this determining resources. Understanding therefore biology conservation throughout parts remaining ranges. Synthesis describing relationship between predator applies top carnivores. synthesise current research concept, arguing predators respond risks through spatiotemporal partitioning reduce contact people. character more than resources dominated landscapes. responses crucial successful

Language: Английский

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Estimating the Environmental Costs of Africa’s Massive “Development Corridors”

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 25(24), P. 3202 - 3208

Published: Nov. 27, 2015

Language: Английский

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The Lion King and the Hyaena Queen: large carnivore interactions and coexistence

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 90(4), P. 1197 - 1214

Published: Dec. 20, 2014

ABSTRACT Interactions among species, which range from competition to facilitation, have profound effects on ecosystem functioning. Large carnivores are of particular importance in shaping community structure since they at the top food chain, and many efforts made conserve such keystone species. Despite this, mechanisms carnivore interactions far understood, yet key enabling or hindering their coexistence hence highly relevant for conservation. The goal this review is thus provide detailed information extents facilitation between large impact life histories. Here, we use example spotted hyaenas ( Crocuta crocuta ) lions Panthera leo a comprehensive knowledge based meta‐analyses available literature (148 publications). strong potential both exploitation interference (range diet overlap, intraguild predation kleptoparasitism), underline some facilitating (different prey‐age selection scavenging opportunities). We stress fact that prey abundance forming very groups rich ecosystems could negative lions. show complex balance availability within determines predator dominant. However, there still gaps our as spatio‐temporal dynamics interactions. As species' survival becomes increasingly dependent protected areas, where densities can be high, it critical understand inform reintroduction programs area management.

Language: Английский

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The paradoxical extinction of the most charismatic animals

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. e2003997 - e2003997

Published: April 12, 2018

A widespread opinion is that conservation efforts disproportionately benefit charismatic species. However, this doesn't mean they are not threatened, and which species "charismatic" remains unclear. Here, we identify the 10 most animals show at high risk of imminent extinction in wild. We also find public ignores these animals' predicament suggest it could be due to observed biased perception their abundance, based more on profusion our culture than natural populations. hypothesize impairs because people unaware cherish face do perceive urgent need for conservation. By freely using image rare threatened product marketing, many companies may participate creating perception, with unintended detrimental effects efforts, should compensated by channeling part associated profits According hypothesis, would likely last as long massive cultural commercial presence accompanied adequate information campaigns about threats face.

Language: Английский

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Human impacts in African savannas are mediated by plant functional traits

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 220(1), P. 10 - 24

Published: May 28, 2018

Summary Tropical savannas have a ground cover dominated by C 4 grasses, with fire and herbivory constraining woody below rainfall‐based potential. The savanna biome covers 50% of the African continent, encompassing diverse ecosystems that include densely wooded Miombo woodlands Serengeti grasslands scattered trees. provide water, grazing browsing, food fuel for tens millions people, unique biodiversity supports wildlife tourism. However, human impacts are causing widespread accelerating degradation savannas. primary threats land cover‐change transformation, landscape fragmentation disrupts herbivore communities regimes, climate change rising atmospheric CO 2 . interactions among these poorly understood, unknown consequences ecosystem health livelihoods. We argue combinations plant functional traits characterizing major floristic assemblages make them differentially susceptible resilient to anthropogenic drivers change. Research must address how this diversity influences their vulnerability global elucidate mechanisms responsible. This knowledge will permit appropriate management strategies be developed maintain integrity,

Language: Английский

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More than $1 billion needed annually to secure Africa’s protected areas with lions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(45)

Published: Oct. 22, 2018

Protected areas (PAs) play an important role in conserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services, yet their effectiveness is undermined by funding shortfalls. Using lions (

Language: Английский

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The performance of African protected areas for lions and their prey

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 137 - 149

Published: Feb. 17, 2017

Language: Английский

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Carnivores, culture and ‘contagious conflict’: Multiple factors influence perceived problems with carnivores in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 19 - 27

Published: Aug. 7, 2014

Language: Английский

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Evidence-based conservation: predator-proof bomas protect livestock and lions

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 483 - 491

Published: Dec. 1, 2014

African lions (Panthera leo) are in decline across many parts of the continent with retaliatory killing for attacks on livestock being an important cause. In East Africa, projects fortifying bomas to reduce large carnivore conflicts specific goal preventing indiscriminate lions. A lack evidence-based studies evaluating impact these efforts means their efficacy lion conservation is not yet scientifically verifiable. We evaluated fortified by comparing attack rates at 84 unprotected and 62 called Living Walls. The latter were 99.9 % successful nighttime over 1,790 boma-months. Following Wall installation, there no deaths bomas. Our results demonstrate importance predator-proof enclosures as a tool areas where they inhabit human–and livestock–dominated landscapes. This study also contributes more broadly highlighting efforts.

Language: Английский

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Regional mapping of vegetation structure for biodiversity monitoring using airborne lidar data

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 50 - 61

Published: Feb. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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