What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 909 - 923

Published: March 19, 2016

Abstract Hybridization is a potent evolutionary process that can affect the origin, maintenance, and loss of biodiversity. Because its ecological consequences, an understanding hybridization important for basic applied sciences, including conservation biology agriculture. Herein, we review discuss ideas are relevant to recognition hybrids hybridization. We supplement this discussion with simulations. The present have long history, particularly in botany, clarifying them should practical consequences managing gene flow plants. One our primary goals illustrate what cannot infer about from molecular data; other words, ask when genetic analyses commonly used study might mislead us history or nature selection. focus on patterns variation recent populations polymorphic, which informative issues, such as contemporary following change. show not singular process, but instead collection related processes variable outcomes consequences. Thus, it will often be inappropriate generalize threats benefits individual studies, at minimum, avoid categorical thinking are. recommend potential sampling analytical approaches help confront these complexities

Language: Английский

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Red list of threatened vascular plants in Italy

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 155(2), P. 310 - 335

Published: March 6, 2020

Italy has a rich natural heritage, which is dangerously under pressure. In recent years, there an increased awareness of the crucial role plants in ecosystem functioning and providing services. Consequently, updated Red List Italian vascular flora was compiled this work, at request Ministry for Environment, Land Sea Protection, with scientific support Botanical Society. The IUCN criteria were applied to 2,430 native plant taxa assess their current extinction risk highlight major threats affecting flora. Our results revealed that 54 (2.2% assessed taxa) are extinct or possibly regional level, while 590 (24.3%) assigned category. Moreover, 404 (16.6%) categorized as Data Deficient. primarily threatened by habitat modifications due anthropic disturbance and, especially, agriculture, tourism residential development. Coastal areas lowlands, where anthropogenic impacts destruction more pronounced, host greatest number declining taxa. represent important baseline establish conservation priorities, legislative choices intervention strategies on national scale.

Language: Английский

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Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 20, 2020

Abstract Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean: Insights for conservation brings together a diverse literature on Mediterranean flora detailed but synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central themes ecological dynamics and differentiation are developed at two spatial scales: habitat variation across landscape biogeographic processes Mediterranean. history region is heart this described within triptych that links geological climatic to advent human activities. hotspot biodiversity, key ingredient which its richness endemic species. A primary question motivating book concerns role historical factors environmental evolution endemism. mosaic conditions, often with over short distances. second focus mediate dispersal, reproduction, adaptive trait landscape. With an ever-growing footprint region, addresses third major theme concerning vulnerability flora. Alongside traditional approach rare species protected area management, argues integration loss potential as priority policy practice. This accessible text aimed students researchers evolution, ecology, biogeography, science. It will be interest scientists natural societies worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Consequences of Hybridization in Mammals: A Systematic Review

Genes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 50 - 50

Published: Dec. 24, 2021

Hybridization, defined as breeding between two distinct taxonomic units, can have an important effect on the evolutionary patterns in cross-breeding taxa. Although interspecific hybridization has frequently been considered a maladaptive process, which threatens species genetic integrity and survival via swamping outbreeding depression, some cases introduce novel adaptive variation increase fitness. Most studies to date focused documenting events analyzing their causes, while relatively little is known about consequences of its impact parental species. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted systematic review mammals published 2010-2021, identified 115 relevant studies. Of 13 categories described these studies, most common negative consequence (21% studies) was positive (8%) gain variation. The total frequency (49%) higher than (13%) neutral (38%) consequences. These frequencies are biased by detection possibilities microsatellite loci, markers used papers assessed. As outcomes typically easier demonstrate ones (e.g., extinction vs hybrid speciation), they may be over-represented publications. Transition towards genomic involving both will provide better insight into real impacts hybridization.

Language: Английский

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Climate‐Mediated Hybridisation and the Future of Andean Forests

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

ABSTRACT The tropical Andes face unprecedented warming and shifting precipitation patterns due to climate change land‐use alteration, challenging the future of Andean forests. During Quaternary, many trees responded through upslope migrations but, while there is evidence such ongoing in species, they are at rates far below what needed remain equilibrium with current climate. Similarly, given number generations required for adaptation long lifespans trees, it unlikely that most species will be able adapt fast enough. This synthesis explores role migration‐induced secondary contact hybridisation as potential mechanisms accelerating adaptive response Hybridisation, historically underappreciated increasingly recognised an important driver speciation ecological diversity. It may facilitate gene flow introgression, providing novel genetic combinations enhance resilience change. process can generate new allelic diversity, allowing more rapidly than mutation or selection on standing variation alone. However, also lead negative outcomes like swamping outbreeding depression. Conservation strategies should consider benefits risks maintaining biodiversity under changing environmental conditions. As habitat fragmentation deforestation exacerbate challenges faced by these forests, preserving connectivity crucial migration flow, potentially aiding survival tree Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Vulnerability of forests in the Himalayan region to climate change impacts and anthropogenic disturbances: a systematic review

Regional Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 1783 - 1799

Published: March 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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A low-altitude mountain range as an important refugium for two narrow endemics in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 119(2), P. 289 - 300

Published: Sept. 15, 2016

Background and Aims Low-altitude mountains constitute important centres of diversity in landscapes with little topographic variation, such as the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR). They also provide unique climatic edaphic conditions that may allow them to function refugia. We investigate whether Porongurups (altitude 655 m) SWAFR will a refugium for endemic Ornduffia calthifolia O. marchantii under forecast climate change. Methods used species distribution modelling based on WorldClim data, 30-m elevation data 2-m-resolution LiDAR-derived digital model (DEM) predict current future distributions at local regional scales 605 field-based abundance estimates. Future were using RCP2.6 RCP4.5 projections. To determine biotic factors impact these forecasts, we tested soil depth vegetation height significant predictors generalized additive models (GAMs). Key Results Species revealed importance variables scale determining both species, which preferred shadier locations higher slopes. However, occurred (cooler) elevations rugged, concave topography, while disturbed sites lower less convex topography. Under climates are likely severely contract milder projection (approx. 2 °C global warming), but unlikely persist if warming is more severe (RCP4.5). GAMs showed distributions, respectively. Conclusions The an marchantii, limits this capacity be reached exceeds °C. This moderated by factors.

Language: Английский

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Indicator based integrated vulnerability assessment of community forests in Indian west Himalaya

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 457, P. 117674 - 117674

Published: Nov. 20, 2019

Language: Английский

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Conserving plant diversity in Europe: outcomes, criticisms and perspectives of the Habitats Directive application in Italy

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 309 - 328

Published: Oct. 31, 2016

Language: Английский

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Role of micro-reserves in conservation of endemic, rare and endangered plants of the Valencian region (Eastern Spain)

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 63(4), P. 320 - 332

Published: Feb. 6, 2016

Since 1998 the Valencian Community (Spain) has pioneered establishment of plant micro-reserves (PMR), which resulted in a network currently comprising 299 sites. The PMR are compatible with large protected areas including natural parks (NP, 22 areas). In fact, 73 included within NP (internal subnet PMR) and 226 outside (external subnet). Here we analyze how complements that capturing rare (RS, twp categories), endemic (ES, three categories) endangered (TS, four plants. external increases number species territorial protection by 10.8% RS, 15.8% ES 21.0% TS categories. Additionally, when comparing internal subnets not shared alternative type, former higher absolute relative values for nine categories analyzed. We propose should be increased only to capture populations subnet.

Language: Английский

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