Insect Declines in the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 457 - 480

Published: Oct. 14, 2019

Insect declines are being reported worldwide for flying, ground, and aquatic lineages. Most reports come from western northern Europe, where the insect fauna is well-studied there considerable demographic data many taxonomically disparate Additional cases of faunal losses have been noted Asia, North America, Arctic, Neotropics, elsewhere. While this review addresses both species loss population declines, its emphasis on latter. Declines abundant can be especially worrisome, given that they anchor trophic interactions shoulder essential ecosystem services their respective communities. A factors believed to responsible observed collapses those perceived threatening insects form core treatment. In addition widely recognized threats biodiversity, e.g., habitat destruction, agricultural intensification (including pesticide use), climate change, invasive species, assessment highlights a few less commonly considered such as atmospheric nitrification burning fossil fuels effects droughts changing precipitation patterns. Because geographic extent magnitude largely unknown, an urgent need monitoring efforts, across ecological gradients, which will help identify important causal in declines. This also considers status vertebrate insectivores, reporting bias, challenges inherent collecting interpreting data, increasing abundance.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis reveals declines in terrestrial but increases in freshwater insect abundances

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6489), P. 417 - 420

Published: April 24, 2020

Recent case studies showing substantial declines of insect abundances have raised alarm, but how widespread such patterns are remains unclear. We compiled data from 166 long-term surveys assemblages across 1676 sites to investigate trends in over time. Overall, we found considerable variation even among adjacent an average decline terrestrial abundance by ~9% per decade and increase freshwater ~11% decade. Both were largely driven strong North America some European regions. associations with potential drivers (e.g., land-use drivers), protected areas tended be weaker. Our findings provide a more nuanced view spatiotemporal than previously suggested.

Language: Английский

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Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 242, P. 108426 - 108426

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

Here we build on the manifesto 'World Scientists' Warning to Humanity, issued by Alliance of World Scientists. As a group conservation biologists deeply concerned about decline insect populations, here review what know drivers extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions can negatively impact humanity. We are causing driving habitat loss, degradation, fragmentation, use polluting harmful substances, spread invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, co-extinction species dependent other species. With lose much more than abundance biomass insects, diversity across space time with consequent homogenization, large parts tree life, unique ecological functions traits, fundamental extensive networks biotic interactions. Such losses lead key ecosystem services which humanity depends. From pollination decomposition, being resources for new medicines, quality indication many others, insects provide essential irreplaceable services. appeal urgent action close knowledge gaps curb extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional strategies counter this trend is essential. Solutions available implementable, but needed now match our intentions.

Language: Английский

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Farmland practices are driving bird population decline across Europe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(21)

Published: May 15, 2023

Declines in European bird populations are reported for decades but the direct effect of major anthropogenic pressures on such declines remains unquantified. Causal relationships between and population responses difficult to identify as interact at different spatial scales vary among species. Here, we uncover time-series 170 common species, monitored more than 20,000 sites 28 countries, over 37 y, four widespread pressures: agricultural intensification, change forest cover, urbanisation temperature last decades. We quantify influence each pressure its importance relative other pressures, traits most affected find that particular pesticides fertiliser use, is main declines, especially invertebrate feeders. Responses changes species-specific. Specifically, cover associated with a positive growing negative dynamics, while has an dynamics large number populations, magnitude direction which depend species' thermal preferences. Our results not only confirm pervasive strong effects breeding birds, strength these stressing urgent need transformative way inhabiting world if shall have chance recovering.

Language: Английский

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Is the insect apocalypse upon us? How to find out

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 241, P. 108327 - 108327

Published: Nov. 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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No net insect abundance and diversity declines across US Long Term Ecological Research sites

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(10), P. 1368 - 1376

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Indirect Effect of Pesticides on Insects and Other Arthropods

Toxics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 177 - 177

Published: July 30, 2021

Pesticides released to the environment can indirectly affect target and non-target species in ways that are often contrary their intended use. Such indirect effects mediated through direct impacts on other or physical depend ecological mechanisms interactions. Typical release of herbivores from predation competition among with similar niches. Application insecticides agriculture results subsequent pest outbreaks due elimination natural enemies. The loss floristic diversity food resources result herbicide applications reduce populations pollinators enemies crop pests. In aquatic ecosystems, fungicides induce algae blooms as chemicals grazing by zooplankton benthic herbivores. Increases periphyton biomass typically replacement arthropods more tolerant such snails, worms tadpoles. Fungicides systemic also nutrient recycling impairing ability detritivorous arthropods. Residues herbicides macrophytes ponds wetlands, affecting protection breeding predatory insects environment. pesticides therefore either amplified compensated effects.

Language: Английский

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Predicting Landscape Configuration Effects on Agricultural Pest Suppression

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 175 - 186

Published: Nov. 5, 2019

Understanding how landscape structure influences pest suppression in crop fields is critical for the design of sustainable agricultural landscapes.New research shows that configuration (spatial arrangement), addition to composition, strongly affects natural enemy and populations, ultimately affecting yield.Natural enemies tend be more abundant fine-grained landscapes (comprising smaller habitat patches) are influenced by connectivity other types.Configuration effects on depend organismal traits relationships between spatial scales at which arthropods disperse those underlying structure.Landscape can affect through multiple indirect effect pathways, need investigation. Arthropod predators parasitoids attack pests, providing a valuable ecosystem service. The amount noncrop surrounding suppression, but synthesis new studies suggests crops habitats similarly important. Natural often comprising patches increase or decrease with habitats. Partitioning organisms has emerged as promising way predict strength direction these effects. Furthermore, our ability configurational will understanding potential among trophic levels relationship arthropod dispersal capability scale structure. In landscapes, predatory parasitic suppress herbivorous an essential service valued billions dollars annually [1Losey J.E. Vaughan M. economic value ecological services provided insects.BioScience. 2006; 56: 311-323Crossref Scopus (954) Google Scholar]. recent decades researchers have begun identify factors driving abundance (see Glossary), effectiveness fields, aim designing managing maximize this [2Gurr G.M. et al.Habitat management populations: progress prospects.Ann. Rev. Entomol. 2017; 62: 91-109Crossref PubMed (210) Scholar, 3Landis D.A. conserve pests agriculture.Ann. 2000; 45: 175-201Crossref (1821) 4Karp D.S. al.Crop exhibit inconsistent responses composition.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018; 115: E7863-E7870Crossref (191) 5Chaplin-Kramer R. al.A meta-analysis response complexity.Ecol. Lett. 2011; 14: 922-932Crossref (534) Positive outcomes from enhanced could include greater yields, reduced pesticide use, increased diversity landscapes. communities surrounds them: their own, unsuitable some beneficial insects because they usually monocultures undergo frequent disturbance. This means nearby may especially important determining colonize farm fields. Most focused composition (i.e., amounts habitat). general, seminatural provide resources including food, overwintering habitat, nest sites, refuge disturbance, allowing them survive then exploit herbivores accumulate there [3Landis Pest generally thought when surrounded habitat. However, while occurs circumstances, overall inconsistent, varying systems [4Karp Beyond also variation [6Fahrig L. al.Functional heterogeneity animal biodiversity landscapes.Ecol. 101-112Crossref (895) Multiple lines reasoning suggest aspects should suppression. First, since spillover along interfaces [7Rand T.A. al.Spillover edge effects: agriculturally subsidized insect into adjacent habitats.Ecol. 9: 603-614Crossref (404) Scholar], variables such patch size, shape, shared edge, influence far penetrate. Second, require land-cover types benefit complementation [8Dunning J.B. al.Ecological processes populations complex landscapes.Oikos. 1992; 65: 169-175Crossref Evidence now predictor [5Chaplin-Kramer 9Duarte G.T. al.The patterns services: meta-analyses services.Landscape Ecol. 33: 1247-1257Crossref (56) rate publication topic been accelerating. Therefore, here we highlight advances knowledge identifying gaps suggesting frameworks future studies. Thirty-three studies, 70% were published 2014, evidence (Figure 1). All two reported significant least one variable related highly context dependent Supplements S1 S2 supplemental information online details each study). Configuration multifaceted, describing characteristics arrangement) landscape. it difficult encapsulate succinctly quantified using dozens intercorrelated sometimes redundant metrics [10McGarigal K. Marks B.J. FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program Quantifying Landscape Structure. US Department Agriculture, Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995Crossref 11Kupfer J.A. ecology biogeography: rethinking post-FRAGSTATS landscape.Prog. Phys. Geog. 2012; 36: 400-420Crossref (164) 12Li H. Wu J. Use misuse indices.Lands. 2004; 19: 389-399Crossref (566) range use obscure broader patterns; therefore, generalize, group three families: (i) grain size; (ii) shape complexity; (iii) connectivity. Landscapes fall spectrum complexity coarse-grained large low density edges small relatively edges. expected because, emerge field margins reach interiors easily. higher cover likely within foraging generalist enemies. Some focus length per unit area) useful index although relate complexity, general used describe size rather than [13Martin E.A. al.Scale-dependent diversity, herbivory, yields.Ecol. App. 2016; 26: 448-462Crossref (58) 14Martin interplay configuration: pathways manage functional agroecosystem across Europe.Ecol. 2019; 22: 1083-1094Crossref (105) 15Elliott N.C. al.Influence within-field aphid predator wheat.Landsc. 1998; 139-252Google 16Elliott al.Predator alfalfa relation aphids, vegetation, matrix.Environ. 2002; 31: 253-260Crossref (69) Others where dominant type, main factor grain. There strong enhance enemies, not always consistent. most comprehensive date, Martin al. Scholar] found varied 35 South Korean various types. Syrphids, parasitoids, wasps, staphylinids densities, dwarfed same insectivorous wasps wheat [17Holzschuh al.How do configuration, organic farming fallow strips bees, parasitoids?.J. Anim. 2010; 79: 491-500Crossref (187) cucumber [18Ulina E.S. al.Does tropical parasitoid host-parasitoid interactions?.Agricult. 21: 318-325Google coccinellids rice [19Dominik C. al.Landscape interactions agroecosystems.J. Appl. 55: 2461-2472Crossref (28) North America, appears similar cereal crops, chrysomelids, nabids, richness [15Elliott results taxa, soybeans grains 20Woltz J.M. Landis Coccinellid configuration.Agric. 2014; 16: 341-349Crossref (27) 21Honek Factors determine adult aphidophagous Coccinellidae (Coleoptera).Zeit. fur Angew. Ent. 1982; 94: 157-168Crossref (41) 22Puech al.Do practices scale?.Landsc. 2015; 30: 125-140Crossref (44) spiders [23Schmidt al.Local landscape-scale spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) activity abundance: implications interactions.Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 272: 86-94Crossref (16) 24Galle management, position drive carabids.J. 63-72Crossref (37) 25Galle al.Small-scale promote spider ground beetle densities offering suitable sites.Landsc. 1435-1446Crossref (22) 26Li X. al.Different epigaeic carabid beetles environmental conditions semi-natural intensively cultivated landscape.Agricult. Ecosys. 264: 54-62Crossref (19) carabids 27Al Hassan D. presence grassy distribution aphids predators?.Agricult. 2013; 15: 24-33Crossref (24) crops. Compelling trends partitioned according traits, particularly mode. Recently, data over 1500 European (49 studies) analyzed together, revealing outside density. pattern held true flying ground-dispersing wind-dispersers. For taxa overwinter was opposite: tended and/or Importantly, masked considered group; only mode [14Martin We herbivores, rates damage, yield. biased toward 1), variously finer-grained 19Dominik 23Schmidt fewer [27Al [28Baillod A.B. al.Landscape-scale temporal cropland biological control aphids.J. 54: 1804-1813Crossref (39) showed no [29Elliott parasitism Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae) fields.Environ. 47: 803-811Crossref (10) 30Plecas aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid differentially years.Agriculture 183: 1-10Crossref (68) Europe provides clarity; decreased density, whereas mostly unaffected Only few tested actual Tests predation again mixed detected 31Grez A.A. fields.Biol. Control. 76: 1-9Crossref (25) notable developments linking yields managed conventionally (although damage increased), organically. had yield, depending present. Habitat simple complex. contexts, elements rectangular, others, cover-type boundaries follow tortuous paths, resulting irregular convoluted shapes. Shape feasibly suppression: area interface habitats, Firm yet emerge. Models areas hedgerows would [32Bianchi F.J.J.A. Van Der Werf W. hibernation sites Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) landscapes: simulation study.Environ. 2003; 32: 1290-1304Crossref (59) indeed study fractal dimension focal experimental broccoli planted either square I-shaped Chile, coccinellid [33Grez Prado E. Effect plant vegetation dynamics prey Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).Environ. 29: 1244-1250Crossref Similarly, Midwest USA difference linear tallgrass prairie blocks equivalent [34Cox impact soybean catchments.Environ. 43: 1185-1197Crossref agroecosystems Philippines, linyphiid spiders, trichogrammatid increased, several and, overall, neither nor affected More needed whether predictable ways shapes movement subject keen interest debate time [35Haddad N.M. al.Corridor diverse taxa.Ecology. 84: 609-615Crossref (287) 36MacArthur R.H. Wilson E.O. Theory Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press, 1967Google simplest form connectivity, relates distance specific its surroundings. clear type abundance, depends utility organism question. woody appear proximity forest: apple orchards, cases, [37Bailey al.Effects isolation fragmented traditional orchards.J. 1003-1013Crossref (86) Scholar]; similarly, ants coffee close forest, although, opposite [38Karungi al.Relating shading hemipteran occurrence coffee.J. 139: 669-678Crossref Finally, cherry trees harbored connected forests, [39Schuepp plant-herbivore-enemy trees.Biol. 71: 56-64Crossref rely irrelevant [40Ferrante al.Predators spill forest fragments maize mosaic central Argentina.Ecol. Evol. 7: 7699-7707Crossref even detrimental. example, sun-grown Brazilian suppressed adapted open case, distances [41Aristizabal N. Metzger J.P. regulates sun farms.J. 21-30Crossref (21) oilseed rape effective isolated forests [42Berger J.S. herbivore-parasitoid rape.J. 91: 1093-1105Crossref (6) know less about herbivores. richness, Effects mixed, increasing coccid pseudococcid bugs decreasing On trees, change arrangement without regard field. if possible that, interconnected another, sustain larger overall. study, syrphid flies [43Haenke drives local fly abundance.J. 51: 505-513Crossref irrigated agroecosystems, flooded impounded vegetated embankments (bunds) harboring physical network bunds mirid tomato surroundings connected; however, orchard opposite, perhaps insecticide [44Aviron colonization protected horticultural cropping systems.Agric. 227: (20) responded positively grasslands winter [45Aviron al.Connectivity cropped vs. mediates biodiversity: case communities.Agric. 268: 34-43Crossref (11) constrained by, correlated with, composition. confounded another many respective disentangle

Language: Английский

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Declining abundance of beetles, moths and caddisflies in the Netherlands

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 127 - 139

Published: Aug. 26, 2019

Abstract Recently, reports of insect declines prompted concerns with respect to the state insects at a global level. Here, we present results longer‐term monitoring from two locations in Netherlands: nature development area De Kaaistoep and reserves near Wijster. Based on data attracted light Kaaistoep, macro‐moths (macro‐Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) have declined mean number individuals counted per evening over period 1997–2017, annual rates decline 3.8, 5.0 9.2%, respectively. Other orders appeared stable [true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera Auchenorrhyncha) mayflies (Ephemeroptera)] or had uncertainty their trend estimate [lacewings (Neuroptera)]. 48 pitfall traps Wijster, ground (Coleoptera: Carabidae) showed 4.3% total numbers 1985–2016. Nonetheless, stronger after 1995. For macro‐moths, trends individual species was comparable numbers. Trends beetle species, however, suggest that abundant performed worse than rare ones. When translated into biomass estimates, our calculations reduction approximately 61% for as group least 42% beetles, by extrapolation 27 years. Heavier did not more strongly lighter suggesting heavy contribute disproportionately decline. Our broadly echo recent reported Germany elsewhere.

Language: Английский

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Pesticides in ambient air, influenced by surrounding land use and weather, pose a potential threat to biodiversity and humans

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 838, P. 156012 - 156012

Published: May 19, 2022

Language: Английский

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