Europe

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1817 - 1928

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Species‐habitat networks reveal conservation implications that other community analyses do not detect

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Grassland restoration is an important conservation intervention supporting declining insect pollinators in threatened calcareous grassland landscapes. While the success of often quantified using simple measures diversity or similarity to target communities, these do not capture all fundamental aspects community reconstruction. Here, we develop species–habitat networks that aim define habitat‐level foraging dependencies across restored landscapes and compare their value more conventional restoration. We assessed this Salisbury Plain (UK), which represents largest area chalk northwestern Europe, encompassing six distinct management types aimed at maintenance species‐rich grassland. Sites were previously disturbed reverting from arable agriculture comparable with those ancient grasslands terms pollinator abundance species richness. However, intensively managed exhibited notably lower values nearly measured indicators, including flower richness abundance, than grasslands, unmanaged following closely behind. This underscores need for caution both long‐term neglect highly intensive management. Applying our network approach, found communities recovering past military disturbance showed stronger modular associations areas agriculture. highlights importance habitat history shaping trajectories. propose should be part standard analytical toolkit assessing effectiveness landscape scale, particularly mobile such as insects.

Language: Английский

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Toward a world that values insects

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 364(6447), P. 1230 - 1231

Published: June 27, 2019

Rapid adoption of conservation measures is key to protecting insect populations

Language: Английский

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Nutrient dilution and climate cycles underlie declines in a dominant insect herbivore

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(13), P. 7271 - 7275

Published: March 9, 2020

Evidence for global insect declines mounts, increasing our need to understand underlying mechanisms. We test the nutrient dilution (ND) hypothesis-the decreasing concentration of essential dietary minerals with plant productivity-that particularly targets herbivores. Nutrient can result from increased biomass due climate or CO2 enrichment. Additionally, when considering long-term trends driven by climate, one must account large-scale oscillations including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic (NAO), and Pacific Decadal (PDO). combine datasets grasshopper abundance, biomass, end-of-season foliar elemental content examine potential drivers abundance cycles this dominant herbivore. Annual abundances in 16- 22-y time series a Kansas prairie revealed both 5-y 2.1-2.7%/y. Climate cycle indices spring ENSO, summer NAO, winter PDO accounted 40-54% variation mediated effects weather host plants. Consistent ND, grass doubled concentrations N, P, K, Na-nutrients which limit abundance-declined over same period. The decline nutrients 25% two decades. Thus warming, wetter, more CO2-enriched world will likely contribute herbivores depleting their already nutrient-poor diet. Unlike other declines-habitat loss, light chemical pollution-ND may be widespread remaining natural areas.

Language: Английский

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Further evidence for a global decline of the entomofauna

Austral Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 9 - 26

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

Abstract The Anthropocene is characterised by pervasive human‐inflicted impacts on a broad range of biota, including insects. In 2019, we reviewed scientific literature quantifying the prevalence and magnitude insect declines in recent time. Here, drawing upon 40 additional long‐term studies, add evidence that consistent with our earlier review some other reviews fate populations globally. New data for Greenland, northern Africa, South America, eastern Asia Australia complement studies from Europe North America. Temporal trends are now derived 100 refer mainly to past three or four decades (median 33 years). Data 10 major taxonomic orders indicate an average 37% species declining numbers, while 18% increasing; latter taxa involve agricultural herbivores nuisance pests. Population changes more pronounced among aquatic communities, where 42% 29% increasing. Such result decrease biomass across taxa, except Heteroptera. Changes richness diversity indices inconsistent do not reflect intraspecific population over These observed irrespective taxon, geography methodological approach, although lack monitoring records prevents proper assessment tropical regions.

Language: Английский

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Long-term large-scale decline in relative abundances of butterfly and burnet moth species across south-western Germany

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 17, 2019

Abstract Current studies have shown a severe general decline in insect species diversity, their abundance, and biomass reduction of flying insects. Most previous been performed at single sites, or were spatially restricted the landscape level. In this study, we analyse trends richness shifts composition butterflies burnet moth across federal state Baden-Württemberg south-western Germany, covering an area 35,750 km 2 . The data set consists 233,474 records covers period from 1750 until today. We grouped according to species´ specific functional traits how with different habitat requirements behaviour respond land-use changes over time. Our document significant loss relative abundance for most species, especially since 1950s Species demanding are more seriously suffering under trend than generalists. This particular affects taxa adapted extensively used xerothermic grasslands, bogs other habitats maintained by traditional low-productivity agricultural practices past. indicate large-scale many butterfly which happened during past few decades.

Language: Английский

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Cascading extinctions as a hidden driver of insect decline

Ecological Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 743 - 756

Published: Nov. 30, 2020

1. The decline in insect abundance and diversity observed many ecosystems is of major concern because the long‐term consequences for ecosystem function stability. 2. Species ecological communities are connected through interactions forming complex networks. Therefore, initial extinctions can cause further species losses co‐extinctions extinction cascades, where single lead to waves secondary extinctions. Such knock‐on effects multiply impact disturbances, thereby largely adding erosion biodiversity. However, our knowledge their importance current hampered challenging both detect predict. 3. In this review, we bring together theory about light main drivers decline. We evaluate potential evidence cascading different identify pathways. By providing selected examples discuss how habitat loss, pollution, invasions, climate change overexploitation argue that loss pollution particular have largest such by changing community structure, physical environment, robustness. 4. Overall, part an ecosystems' response anthropogenic but so far not explicitly measured contribution when evaluating biodiversity loss. This necessary predict find strategies buffer against devastating change.

Language: Английский

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Insect responses to global change offer signposts for biodiversity and conservation

Ecological Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 699 - 717

Published: Nov. 11, 2020

1. Insects have emerged as causes célèbres for widespread concern about human effects on global biodiversity. Here, we consider how insects provide opportunities both to understand the ecological of change and enhance environmental conservation. 2. Despite a limited time frame geographic extent quantitative evidence, recent studies changes abundance, distribution, diversity indicate temporally heterogeneous trends which vary among taxa, regions, biotopes. These results suggest a) that insect numbers are responding multiple stressors in wider context fitness, distributions, biotic interactions result from habitat climate change; b) specialists with narrow ranges may be particularly at risk. 3. Predictions based macroecology ecophysiology can tested by combining approaches, including experiments observations over gradients latitude, elevation, urbanization; well innovative analyses data standardised monitoring schemes opportunistic historical collections citizen science. Linking these complementary approaches helps detect mechanisms influencing responses interacting drivers inform 4. The impetus debate provoked high profile reports declines promote conservation, but also obtain comprehensive evidence biodiversity thus develop communicate measures mitigate threats ecosystems change.

Language: Английский

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Decline in beetle abundance and diversity in an intact temperate forest linked to climate warming

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 108219 - 108219

Published: Nov. 2, 2019

Language: Английский

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Insect Hybridization and Climate Change

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Sept. 20, 2019

Contemporary global change is altering ecosystems at an unprecedented pace and scale. This critical period a crisis for biodiversity, but the perturbations caused by environmental also offer new opportunities to study evolution of species boundaries—their persistence, formation, or collapse—over rapid evolutionary timescales. Increasing temperature means fluctuations have potential alter gene flow between through changes in distributions, interactions, life history, temperature-dependent behavior. particularly true insects, whose geographic ranges, behaviors history traits are dependent. Here, we review climate influence boundaries closely related insect species. We focus on studies that tracked distributions and/or evaluated dependent reproductive barriers

Language: Английский

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