Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles: A New Frontier in Immunomodulation

Advanced NanoBiomed Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(8)

Published: May 31, 2024

Immune dysregulation is a pivotal factor in the onset and progression of various diseases. In cancer, immune system's inability to discern eliminate abnormal cells leads uncontrolled tumor growth. When faced with resilient pathogens or harmful toxins, system encounters challenges clearance neutralization. Achieving delicate balance pro‐inflammatory anti‐inflammatory signals essential managing range disorders Like other biomedical research domains, nanotechnology has provided innovative approaches for rebalancing host immunity. Among plethora nanotechnology‐based interventions, concept cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles holds significant potential immunomodulatory applications owing their biomimetic properties that allow precise interaction compromised system. This review thoroughly examines novel nanosystems modulation. The exploration covers crucial elements, including origins characteristics membranes, methods employed procurement coating, physicochemical/biological characterization techniques, enhancement therapeutic efficacy via functionalization. Subsequently, case studies‐based analysis utilizing these bioinspired tackling different conditions caused by disturbance been comprehensively discussed.

Language: Английский

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Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions

Journal of Cellular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 127 - 140

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality with modest declines, highlighting the need for more efficacious prevention strategies like early immunological intervention against premalignant disease. Main body abstract: Oncogenic viruses demonstrate prophylactic vaccines can successfully reduce malignancy by blocking precipitating infections. However, most cancers lack viral etiology, requiring novel approaches targeting sporadic precancerous states to enable immunoprevention. Preneoplastic tissues exhibit biological changes making them appealing targets stimulating immune surveillance before additional mutations unconstrained proliferation. High-risk precancers also provide sources dysregulated self-antigens. Yet challenges exist in lesion identification, overcoming tolerance, and avoiding inflammation potentially worsening progression. Multidisciplinary insights into precancer immunology, predictive biomarkers, antigen discovery, combinatorial vaccination are illuminating rational vaccine design. Despite obstacles, immunization dysplastic holds disruptive potential if key steps advance this approach. Elucidating preneoplasia immunobiology progression risk modeling will be critical guide productive while mitigating immunotherapy hazards. Thoughtful translation could eventually shift paradigms priming immunosurveillance peak vulnerability lesions. Short Conclusion: Advancements may profoundly expand horizons. Cautious intercept toward widely disseminated malignancies. This warrants methodical efforts unravel promise thwarting lethal they start.

Language: Английский

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Reuniting philosophy and science to advance cancer research

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(5), P. 1668 - 1686

Published: May 8, 2023

Cancers rely on multiple, heterogeneous processes at different scales, pertaining to many biomedical fields. Therefore, understanding cancer is necessarily an interdisciplinary task that requires placing specialised experimental and clinical research into a broader conceptual, theoretical, methodological framework. Without such framework, oncology will collect piecemeal results, with scant dialogue between the scientific communities studying cancer. We argue one important way forward in service of more successful through greater integration applied sciences (experimental clinical) conceptual theoretical approaches, informed by philosophical methods. By illustration, we explore six central themes: (i) role mutations cancer; (ii) clonal evolution cells; (iii) relationship multicellularity; (iv) tumour microenvironment; (v) immune system; (vi) stem cells. In each case, examine open questions literature methodology show benefit synergy for medical

Language: Английский

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HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM: EXPLORING DIVERSITY ACROSS INDIVIDUALS AND POPULATIONS

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. e41836 - e41836

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The immune response is an intricate system that involves the complex connection of cellular and molecular components, each with distinct functional specialisations. It has a capacity to adjust mould in accordance specific stimuli, influenced by both genetic environmental factors. presence diversity, particularly across different ethnic racial groups, significantly contributes impact incidence diseases, disease susceptibility, autoimmune disorders, cancer risks regions certain populations. Environmental factors, including geography socioeconomic status, further modulate variety responses. These, turn, affect susceptibility infectious diseases development disorders. Despite complexity relationship, there remains gap understanding specificity indices races, reference ranges among populations, highlighting need for deeper diversity personalized approaches diagnostics therapeutics. This review systematically organizes these findings, goal emphasizing potential targeted interventions address health disparities advance translational research, enabling more comprehensive strategy. approach promises significant advancements identifying immunological conditions, focusing on interventions, through

Language: Английский

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Explanatory Particularism in Scientific Practice

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Explanatory Particularism presents an alternative approach to studying explanation across the sciences. On this view, explanations are local, context-dependent achievements of particular scientific communities, reflecting latter’s epistemic values, images understanding, and other contextual features. Values associated with understanding vary widely within communities over time. The particularist has implications for theories social action collaboration, interdisciplinary research in practice. Results include practical guidelines “low-effort interdisciplinarity,” aspects collaborative norms that complement more traditional empiricism. account is illustrated detailed case studies COVID-19 immunology vaccines, systems models vs. lab-based approaches, complexes model-based among life

Language: Английский

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Interdisciplinarity and Explanation

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121 - 152

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract This chapter applies the explanatory particularist account from Part I to an important class of cases in scientific practice: interdisciplinary research. first survey background for this application: empirical and philosophical studies interdisciplinarity (Section 4.1). Next, argue that ideas comport well with key results literature, offer several new insights 4.2). Section 4.3 goes deeper applying I’s framework, focusing on EPM taxonomy model–model relations Chapter 2. use latter classify research projects relevant explanation/understanding, setting up a challenge explanation (IDE) my response. application shows role explanation/understanding research, some apparent objections EP are actually advantages. Features practice seem incompatible particularism fact support view.

Language: Английский

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Conclusion: Further Work

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 322 - 332

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract This short concluding chapter summarizes the book’s argument and key results. Three themes are throughlines for entire book: explanation as collaborative process product, diversity epistemic resource, engaging scientific practice. Philosophical study of guided by those three departs from tradition, but rejects only monist assumptions—not other theories explanation. Instead, repurposed resources particularist studies, illustrated in Chapters 7–8. reviews overall goals judges them to have been met: exploring idea that is a form activity; showing benefits diverse specialized explanations; reconfiguring relation between philosophical theory I then summarize results Parts II (see earlier summaries). The concludes with an open-ended list cases future work using EP’s framework insights.

Language: Английский

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Social Action

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 81 - 118

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract This chapter develops the second part of my philosophical framework for analyzing particularist explanations. The basic idea is that constructing a scientific explanation collaborative activity. I use resources from social action theory to explicate this idea. first presents basics philosophy with detailed example (Section 3.1) and survey major theories 3.2). Building on latter, propose an original account activity, which implies norms participants’ attitudes 3.3). Applied case explanatory model-construction in epistemic community, yields general EP-explanation. Section 3.4 examines normative grounds account, setting stage Part II. final section integrates activity Chapter 2, yielding full particularism 3.5).

Language: Английский

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Social Understanding

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 194 - 240

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract This chapter builds on the results of Chapter 5. Minimal coherence requirements for bridging models entail that main obstacle to IDE is scientists’ own attitudes. Section 6.1 addresses this obstacle, offering detailed guidelines making explicit and fostering relations. These operationalize modeling framework social action norms from Part I. Following them encourages scientists engaged in IDR adopt collaborative attitudes toward explanation. could be fruitfully applied current projects. 6.2 examines epistemic benefits broader normative significance IDE, focusing understanding. yields a particularist account an important aspect scientific understanding, building earlier sections book. Other implications build ideal patchwork unity science 6.3 puts new, understanding conversation with other philosophical accounts same. 6.4 concludes, summarizing key II.

Language: Английский

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Bridging Models

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 153 - 193

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract This chapter applies the framework from Part I to interdisciplinary explanation (IDE), continuing argument Chapter 4. first reprise social action framework, then apply it late-stage low-degree IDE (Section 5.1). Section 5.2 explicates three-layer structure of collective intention for this case. The result is a set coherence requirements IDE, analogous norms collaborating agents. titular bridge affords mutual relation between models contributed by different specializations. New elements comprising bridge, spanning near and far sides, reciprocally connect in opposite directions. 5.3 illustrates these with detailed example: array life science concerning hemoglobin. example extends bridging account more complex, realistic projects. 5.4 begins articulate epistemic significance models, task continued 6. 5.5 concludes summary results so far.

Language: Английский

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