The
Byzantine
fault-tolerant
(BFT)
consensus
algorithm
is
widely
used
in
blockchain
systems
due
to
its
ability
tolerate
malicious
nodes
and
ensure
system
consistency.
However,
existing
protocols
still
face
significant
challenges.
This
paper
proposes
a
pipeline-based
graph
structure
Fault
Tolerant
(PGS-BFT)
algorithm.
It
leverages
parallel
pipeline
execution
accelerate
block
generation
efficiency.
By
synchronizing
dependencies
among
nodes,
all
validated
blocks
eventually
form
an
ordered
within
cycle,
enabling
achieve
final
consensus.
proposed
PGS-BFT
effectively
improves
efficiency
reduces
transaction
latency
while
ensuring
security.
can
be
applied
consortium
platforms.
IEEE Access,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9, P. 44905 - 44927
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
The
year
2020
has
witnessed
unprecedented
levels
of
demand
for
COVID-19
medical
equipment
and
supplies.
However,
most
today's
systems,
methods,
technologies
leveraged
handling
the
forward
supply
chain
waste
that
results
from
them
after
usage
are
inefficient.
They
fall
short
in
providing
traceability,
reliability,
operational
transparency,
security,
trust
features.
Also,
they
centralized
can
cause
a
single
point
failure
problem.
In
this
paper,
we
propose
decentralized
blockchain-based
solution
to
automate
processes
enable
information
exchange
among
all
stakeholders
involved
their
management
manner
is
fully
secure,
transparent,
traceable,
trustworthy.
We
integrate
Ethereum
blockchain
with
storage
interplanetary
file
systems
(IPFS)
securely
fetch,
store,
share
data
related
management.
develop
algorithms
define
interaction
rules
regarding
penalties
be
imposed
on
case
violations.
present
system
design
along
its
full
implementation
details.
evaluate
performance
proposed
using
cost
analysis
show
affordability.
security
verify
reliability
smart
contracts,
discuss
our
generalization
applicability
view.
Furthermore,
outline
limitations
form
open
challenges
act
as
future
research
directions.
make
contracts
code
publicly
available
GitHub.
Frontiers in Digital Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6
Published: April 26, 2024
Healthcare
is
a
critical
area
where
blockchain
technology
(BT)
being
heralded
as
potential
game-changer
for
facilitating
secure
and
efficient
data
sharing.
The
purpose
of
this
review
to
examine
BT
applications,
performance
challenges,
solutions
in
healthcare.
To
begin,
This
paper
explores
popular
networks
exchange,
encompassing
both
public
permissioned
platforms,
such
Ethereum
Hyperledger
Fabric.
analyzes
the
applications
BT’s
decentralized,
immutable,
smart
contract
capabilities
healthcare
settings,
including
interoperable
health
patient
consent
management,
drug
supply
chain
oversight,
clinical
trial
management.
industry
might
greatly
benefit
from
increased
privacy,
transparency,
accessibility
that
these
technologies
provide.
Despite
promising
medical
uses,
not
without
its
drawbacks.
High
energy
consumption,
throughput,
scalability
are
all
concerns.
We
wrapped
up
by
discussing
have
been
implemented,
consensus
processes,
measures
like
sharding,
off-chain
transactions
designed
mitigate
Discover Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: May 30, 2024
Abstract
Ensuring
good
health
and
well-being
is
one
of
the
crucial
Sustainable
Development
Goals
(SDGs)
that
aims
to
promote
healthy
lives
for
people
all
ages.
This
involves
providing
affordable
environmentally
friendly
medical
services
public
fairly
equitably.
Good
goals
include
achieving
fair
outcomes
strong
healthcare
systems.
It
also
highlights
importance
integrating
sustainable
considerations
into
policy
frameworks
developing
countries,
which
are
established
address
social
factors
influence
health.
Regarding
reform,
Information
Communication
Technologies
(ICTs)
play
a
pivotal
role
as
key
enablers
improve
patient
access,
treatment
quality,
system
efficiency.
shift
in
focus
significance
fostering
digital
accessibility,
sustainability,
inventiveness,
cybersecurity,
leadership.
Nevertheless,
incorporating
progressively
advancing
ICT
technology
systems,
sometimes
called
transformation,
not
simple.
However,
some
challenges
arise
integration,
application
design,
security
measures.
While
numerous
studies
have
been
suggested
tackle
technologies
these
had
limited
scope
considered
several
factors.
Therefore,
there
pressing
need
an
extensive
research
study
focusing
on
integration
technologies,
design
challenges,
privacy
areas,
potential
positive
negative
effects.
this
paper
contributes
literature
covering
important
SDG,
“Good
well-being,”
its
along
with
summarising
our
findings
detailed
taxonomical
way.
First,
we
analyze
all-encompassing
taxonomy
prior
well-being,
emphasizing
healthcare,
specifically
applications
associated
Electronic
Health
(E-Health),
future
avenues
exploration.
Then,
explore
transformation
significant
components,
highlight
E-Health’s
benefits,
categorize
challenges.
Next,
determine
Blockchain
Technology
today’s
leading
E-Health.
We
discuss
characteristics,
describe
possible
types
Blockchain-based
E-Health
use
cases.
Furthermore,
compare
impacts
identify
open
issues
directions,
strengthening
researchers
solutions.
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(11), P. 4256 - 4256
Published: June 2, 2022
Due
to
its
significant
global
impact,
both
domestic
and
international
efforts
are
underway
cure
the
infection
stop
COVID-19
virus
from
spreading
further.
In
resource-limited
environments,
overwhelmed
healthcare
institutions
surveillance
systems
struggling
cope
with
this
epidemic,
necessitating
a
specific
strategic
response.
study,
we
looked
into
situation
establish
trust,
accountability,
transparency,
employed
blockchain's
immutable
tamper-proof
properties.
We
offered
smart
contract
(SC)-based
solution
(Block-HPCT)
that
has
been
successfully
tested
preserve
digital
health
passport
(DHP)
for
vaccine
recipients;
also,
contact
tracing
(CT)
proof
of
location
concept,
which
aids
in
swift
credible
response
directly
appropriate
authorities.
To
connect
on-chain
off-chain
data,
trusted
registered
oracles
were
integrated
provide
double
layer
security
along
symmetric
key
encryption;
Interplanetary
File
System
(IPFS)
Hyperledger
Fabric
merged
as
storage
center.
also
provided
full
description
suggested
solution's
system
design,
implementation,
experiment
results,
evaluation
(privacy
cost
analysis).
As
per
findings,
approach
performed
satisfactorily
across
all
assessment
criteria,
implying
it
can
lead
way
practical
implementations
be
used
similar
types
situations
where
infectious
crucial.
Applied Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(10), P. 5405 - 5405
Published: May 12, 2025
Blockchain
technology
has
emerged
as
a
transformative
solution
to
address
specific
aspects
of
emergency
management
systems
by
providing
decentralized
and
distributed
ledger
infrastructure
that
enhances
data
immutability,
transparency,
traceability.
This
study
presents
comprehensive
bibliometric
analysis
blockchain
applications
in
covering
the
period
from
2017
2024
based
on
248
research
articles
indexed
Web
Science
Core
Collection.
The
examines
collaboration
networks,
co-citation
patterns,
citation
bursts,
keyword
trends
uncover
key
clusters
emerging
themes.
Seven
major
were
identified,
with
their
intellectual
core
built
around
influential
publications
highlight
blockchain’s
role
improving
efficiency,
trust
response
systems.
findings
emphasize
growing
impact
enhancing
preparedness
resilience
during
crises
while
identifying
gaps
global
interdisciplinary
innovation.
PeerJ Computer Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11, P. e2874 - e2874
Published: May 6, 2025
Background
This
research
focuses
on
improving
epidemic
monitoring
systems
by
incorporating
advanced
technologies
to
enhance
the
surveillance
of
diseases
more
effectively
than
before.
Considering
drawbacks
associated
with
methods
in
terms
time
consumption
and
efficiency,
issues
highlighted
this
study
includes
integration
Artificial
Intelligence
(AI)
early
detection,
decision
support
predictive
modeling,
big
data
analytics
sharing,
contact
tracing
countering
misinformation,
Internet
Things
(IoT)
devices
real
disease
Geographic
Information
Systems
(GIS)
for
geospatial
artificial
intelligence
(GeoAI)
applications
mapping.
The
increasing
intricacy
regular
occurrence
outbreaks
underscore
pressing
necessity
improvements
public
health
systems.
delves
into
developments
their
utilization
detecting
handling
infectious
while
exploring
how
these
progressions
contribute
making
policy
development,
healthcare.
Methodology
review
systematically
analyzes
technological
tools
are
being
used
conducting
a
structured
search
across
online
literature
databases
applying
eligibility
criteria
identify
relevant
studies
current
trends
surveillance.
Results
reviewed
69
articles
from
2019
2023
focusing
emerging
intelligence.
Most
emphasized
like
analytics,
geographic
information
systems,
diseases.
Conclusions
expansion
publicly
accessible
internet
has
opened
new
pathway
emphasizes
importance
integrating
technology
such
as
AI,
GIS,
IoT
track
Combining
helps
agencies
responding
threats.
IEEE Access,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9, P. 62956 - 62971
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Contact
tracing
has
widely
been
adopted
to
control
the
spread
of
Coronavirus-2019
(COVID-19).
It
enables
identify,
assess,
and
manage
people
who
have
exposed
COVID-19,
thereby
preventing
from
its
further
transmission.
Today's
most
contact
approaches,
tools,
solutions
fall
short
in
providing
decentralized,
transparent,
traceable,
immutable,
auditable,
secure,
trustworthy
features.
In
this
paper,
we
propose
a
decentralized
blockchain-based
COVID-19
solution.
can
greatly
suffice
need
for
speedy
response
pandemic.
We
leverage
immutable
tamper-proof
features
blockchain
enforce
trust,
accountability,
transparency.
Trusted
registered
oracles
are
used
bridge
gap
between
on-chain
off-chain
data.
With
no
third
parties
involved
or
centralized
servers,
users'
medical
information
is
not
prone
invasion,
hacking,
abuse.
Each
user
using
their
digital
passports.
To
respect
privacy
users,
locations
updated
with
time
delay
20
minutes.
Using
Ethereum
smart
contracts,
transactions
executed
emitted
events
logs.
present
details
implemented
algorithms
testing
analysis.
evaluate
proposed
approach
security,
cost,
parameters
show
effectiveness.
The
contracts
code
publicly
made
available
on
GitHub.