Genetic load: genomic estimates and applications in non-model animals

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 492 - 503

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Neutral and adaptive genetic diversity in plants: An overview

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Genetic diversity is a prerequisite for evolutionary change in all kinds of organisms. It generally acknowledged that populations lacking genetic variation are unable to evolve response new environmental conditions (e.g., climate change) and thus may face an increased risk extinction. Although the importance incorporating into design conservation measures now well understood, less attention has been paid distinction between neutral (NGV) adaptive (AGV) variation. In this review, we first focus on utility NGV by examining ways quantify it, reviewing applications infer ecological processes, exploring its designing plant species. Against background, then summarize identify estimate AGV discuss potential use conservation. After comparing considering their pros cons context, conclude there urgent need better understanding role adaptation. To date, however, only few studies non-model species aimed at deciphering genomic basis complex trait Therefore, researchers practitioners should keep utilizing develop relevant strategies rare endangered until more estimates available.

Language: Английский

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Purging of deleterious burden in the endangered Iberian lynx

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(11)

Published: March 1, 2022

SignificanceThe dynamics of deleterious variation under contrasting demographic scenarios remain poorly understood in spite their relevance evolutionary and conservation terms. Here we apply a genomic approach to study differences the burden alleles between endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) widespread Eurasian lynx). Our analysis unveils significantly lower former species that should be ascribed genetic purging, is, increased opportunities selection against recessive homozygotes due inbreeding caused by its smaller population size, as illustrated our analytical predictions. This research provides theoretical empirical evidence on purging certain conditions.

Language: Английский

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Understanding Local Adaptation to Prepare Populations for Climate Change

BioScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 36 - 47

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Abstract Adaptation within species to local environments is widespread in nature. Better understanding this adaptation critical conserving biodiversity. However, conservation practices can rely on species’ trait averages or broadly assume homogeneity across the range inform management. Recent methodological advances for studying provide opportunity fine-tune efforts managing and species. The implementation of these will allow us better identify populations at greatest risk decline because climate change, as well highlighting possible strategies improving likelihood population persistence amid change. In present article, we review recent study highlight ways tools be applied efforts. Cutting-edge are available help characterize adaptation. Indeed, increased incorporation management decisions may meet imminent demands a rapidly changing world.

Language: Английский

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The impact of habitat loss and population fragmentation on genomic erosion

Conservation Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 49 - 57

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Abstract Habitat loss and population fragmentation pose severe threats to biodiversity the survival of many species. Population isolation decline in effective size lead increased genetic drift inbreeding. In turn, this reduces neutral diversity, it also affects load deleterious mutations. Here, we analyse effect such genomic erosion by designing a spatially explicit, individual based model SLiM, simulating effects recorded habitat Mauritius over past ~ 250 years. We show that diversity (genome-wide heterozygosity) was barely noticeable during first 100 years loss. Changes took even more time register, they only became apparent circa 200 after start decline. Although considerable number mutations were lost drift, others frequency. The masked thus converted into realised load, which compromised fitness viability much native had been lost. Importantly, continued metapopulation stabilised at low numbers. Our study shows historic can sustained threat populations future generations, without further UN’s Decade on Ecosystem Restoration needs transformative change save species from extinction, requires urgent restoration natural habitats.

Language: Английский

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Species-wide genomics of kākāpō provides tools to accelerate recovery

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 1693 - 1705

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Genomics‐informed captive breeding can reduce inbreeding depression and the genetic load in zoo populations

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(7)

Published: May 10, 2024

Abstract Zoo populations of threatened species are a valuable resource for the restoration wild populations. However, their small effective population size poses risk to long‐term viability, especially in with high genetic load. Recent bioinformatic developments can identify harmful variants genome data. Here, we advance this approach, analysing load pink pigeon ( Nesoenas mayeri ). We lifted mutation‐impact scores that had been calculated chicken Gallus gallus ) estimate six pigeons. Additionally, perform silico crossings predict and realized potential offspring. thus optimal mate pairs theoretically expected produce offspring least inbreeding depression. use computer simulations show how genomics‐informed conservation reduce whilst reducing loss genome‐wide diversity. Genomics‐informed management is likely become instrumental maintaining viability zoo

Language: Английский

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Redlisting genetics: towards inclusion of genetic data in IUCN Red List assessments

Conservation Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Abstract Genetic diversity is critical for adaptation in response to changing environments and provides a valuable metric predicting species’ extinction risk. The International Union Conservation of Nature (IUCN) broader scientific community have acknowledged that genetic component biodiversity conservation. However, there remain gaps the incorporation or application data risk assessments. Here, we describe how metrics can inform species Specifically, focus on information gained from metrics, temporal reporting changes complement existing IUCN Red List Threatened Species criteria. We conclude by advocating standardized sequence calculated facilitate use threat assessments List-assessed species. This perspective highlights need for, step towards, integration into expect our recommendations will ongoing work Survival Commission’s Genetics Specialist Group protect globally.

Language: Английский

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Genomes of Galápagos Mockingbirds Reveal the Impact of Island Size and Past Demography on Inbreeding and Genetic Load in Contemporary Populations

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

ABSTRACT Restricted range size brings about noteworthy genetic consequences that may affect the viability of a population and eventually its extinction. Particularly, question if an increase in inbreeding can avert accumulation load via purging is hotly debated conservation field. Insular populations with limited sizes represent ideal setup for relating to these factors. Leveraging set eight differently sized Galápagos mockingbirds ( Mimus ), we investigated how island shaped effective N e load. We assembled genome M. melanotis genotyped three individuals per by whole‐genome resequencing. Demographic inference showed most remained high after colonisation archipelago 1–2 Mya. decline parvulus happened only 10–20 Kya, whereas critically endangered trifasciatus longer history reduced . Despite historical fluctuations, current determines linear fashion. In contrast, significant coefficients, derived from runs homozygosity, were identified four smallest populations. The index additive suggested , where lowest By carried highest load, possibly due recent rapid bottleneck. Overall, our study demonstrates complex effect demography on providing implications genetics general project particular.

Language: Английский

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Genetic rescue often leads to higher fitness as a result of increased heterozygosity across animal taxa

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(19)

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Abstract Biodiversity loss has reached critical levels partly due to anthropogenic habitat and degradation. These landscape changes are damaging as they can fragment species distributions into small, isolated populations, resulting in limited gene flow, population declines reduced adaptive potential. Genetic rescue, the translocation of individuals increase genetic diversity ultimately fitness, produced promising results for fragmented populations but remains underutilized a lack long‐term data monitoring. To promote better understanding rescue its potential risks benefits over short‐term, we reviewed analysed published attempts identify whether increases following translocation, if this change is associated with increased fitness. Our review identified 19 studies that provided fitness from before after translocation; majority these were on mammals, included experimental, natural conservation‐motivated translocations. Using Bayesian meta‐analytical approach, found average, post translocations, although there some exceptions trend. Overall, was positive predictor cases relationship extended three generations post‐rescue. suggest single have lasting benefits, support another tool facilitate conservation success. Given number data, echo need monitoring post‐translocation understand also limit long‐term.

Language: Английский

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