Geogenic Contamination of Groundwater in a Highland Watershed: Hydrogeochemical Assessment, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Evaluation of Fluoride and Nitrate DOI Creative Commons
Khan Alam, Mohammad Nafees, Wajid Ali

et al.

Hydrology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 70 - 70

Published: March 26, 2025

Groundwater is one of the major sources freshwater supply for drinking and domestic purposes. This study evaluates hydrogeochemical processes, groundwater quality human consumption, associated health risks from fluoride F− nitrate (NO3−), dissolved solutes in a highland watershed northern Pakistan. samples (n = 51) were gathered analyzed range physicochemical parameters. To evaluate contamination, indices such as pollution index (NPI) (FPI) applied, along with composite to assess overall water quality. The findings revealed that total solid, turbidity, F−, K+ levels exceeded health-based thresholds 20%, 1%, 4%, 2% samples, respectively. Among sources, handpumps identified most contaminated. According NPI index, 96% 92% did not show significant However, FPI results highlighted 59% exhibited low pollution, while 41% fell under medium levels. While NO3− ingestion posed no notable risks, exposure presented concerns, 58.8% posing particularly children. dominant hydrochemical facies Ca-Mg-HCO3, main influence on chemistry by rock-water interactions reverse ion exchange processes.

Language: Английский

Geogenic Contamination of Groundwater in a Highland Watershed: Hydrogeochemical Assessment, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Evaluation of Fluoride and Nitrate DOI Creative Commons
Khan Alam, Mohammad Nafees, Wajid Ali

et al.

Hydrology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 70 - 70

Published: March 26, 2025

Groundwater is one of the major sources freshwater supply for drinking and domestic purposes. This study evaluates hydrogeochemical processes, groundwater quality human consumption, associated health risks from fluoride F− nitrate (NO3−), dissolved solutes in a highland watershed northern Pakistan. samples (n = 51) were gathered analyzed range physicochemical parameters. To evaluate contamination, indices such as pollution index (NPI) (FPI) applied, along with composite to assess overall water quality. The findings revealed that total solid, turbidity, F−, K+ levels exceeded health-based thresholds 20%, 1%, 4%, 2% samples, respectively. Among sources, handpumps identified most contaminated. According NPI index, 96% 92% did not show significant However, FPI results highlighted 59% exhibited low pollution, while 41% fell under medium levels. While NO3− ingestion posed no notable risks, exposure presented concerns, 58.8% posing particularly children. dominant hydrochemical facies Ca-Mg-HCO3, main influence on chemistry by rock-water interactions reverse ion exchange processes.

Language: Английский

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