The developmental environment mediates adult seminal proteome allocation in male Drosophila melanogaster

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Abstract Early life conditions can have long-lasting fitness effects on organisms. In insects, crowding during larval stages impose a significant constraint adult phenotypes due to increased intraspecific competition for resources, which modulate males’ success in pre- and post-mating adulthood. Evidence male seminal fluid allocation exists but is limited small subset of well-known proteins (Sfps), often overlooks the interactions between female phenotypes. We currently lack comprehensive understanding how interact affect production, composition, transfer wider proteome. Here, we manipulated Drosophila melanogaster (low versus high) males females generate individuals with large body size, respectively. mated fully factorial design, measured abundance, Sfps. Large produced Sfps significantly higher abundances, yet this difference was marginal not detected when were analysed individually. Conversely, transferred greater quantities much their proteome than did males. When analysing individually, 10 abundances by Our results suggest that invest more each mating opportunity, potentially as response overall fewer opportunities reduced or cues high population density. This work provides an insight into early ejaculate D. sheds light physiological behavioural responses developmental insects.

Language: Английский

---

Temperature-modified density effects in the black soldier fly: low larval density leads to large size, short development time and high fat content

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 783 - 802

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

The effects of biotic and abiotic factors on insect life histories have been extensively studied. However, the impact some crucial aspects, such as larval density (crowding) environmental interactions, often overlooked. This study aims to determine temperature life-history traits in black soldier fly (BSF). Our results showed an increase prepupal mass, pupal prepupal-to-pupal mass loss, survival, fat content, adult longevity a reduction development time at low densities. Larval was maintained throughout entire period survival determined 4 th instar prepupation. Larvae were reared three different densities (1, 5 10 larvae/cm 2 ), treatments (23, 27 30 °C) food provided ad libitum . High densities, contrary, resulted time, mortality decrease loss. Temperature significantly affected all studied except content longevity, notably modified duration period, longevity. Males females differed mass. We conclude that their interaction-related during considerably affect BSF traits. Therefore, these should be carefully considered when planning for rearing.

Language: Английский

---

Diet quality and conspecific larval density predict functional trait variation and performance in a polyphagous frugivorous fly

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 1163 - 1176

Published: March 25, 2022

Abstract Diet quality and the presence abundance of conspecifics feeding on same food resource are critical factors that affect functional traits many animal species influence ecological processes. We hypothesized in insects whose larvae live groups varying sizes ephemeral nutritionally variable environments, extreme macronutrient content substrate is a barrier for optimal performance can be overcome by collective behaviour large numbers larvae. experimentally examined how multiple immature adult polyphagous tephritid fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens , vary as function its larval diet (protein + carbohydrate [P C] 8.0%–12.6% w/w, protein‐to‐carbohydrate [P/C] ratio 1.8–0.11) across levels conspecific densities (60–600 larvae/60 g diet). Overall, we found positive effects survival stages, duration stage, pupal weight emergence flies, dietary P C increased, followed negative when had extremely high carbohydrate‐biased content. Larval density positive, curvilinear depending composition food, resulting range fly responses through continuous scale combinations. Optimal A . terms development time, body to adulthood, was consisted low P/C ratios, densities. Our findings point diet‐mediated relationship between suggesting (up point) balance competition characterised ratios. conclude interact complex ways shape trait expression frugivorous fly. Addressing this interaction key advance understanding mechanisms behind changes population dynamics insect living confined isolated resources. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

---

Natural history of model organisms: The secret (group) life of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and why it matters to developmental ecology

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(24), P. 13593 - 13601

Published: Nov. 10, 2020

Abstract Model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster have been key tools for advancing our fundamental and applied knowledge in biological biomedical sciences. However, model become intertwined with the idea of controlled stable laboratory environments, their natural history has overlooked. In holometabolous insects, lack information on larval ecology precluded major advances field developmental ecology, especially terms manipulations population density early life (i.e., density). This is because relativistic to some extent, arbitrary methodologies employed manipulate densities studies. As a result, these render comparisons between species impossible, precluding understanding macroevolutionary responses during development that can be derived from comparative We recently proposed new conceptual framework address this issue, here, we provide first investigation under framework. First, characterized distribution wild D. using rotting apples breeding substrate suburban area Sweden. Next, compiled commonly used manipulating studies literature found majority identified did not below or above observed nature, suggesting yet study true physiological low high development. is, knowledge, direct account nature organism. Our paves way more integrated view organismal biology which re‐incorporates into hypothesis‐driven research ecology.

Language: Английский

---

Ecological strategies of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) response to different larval densities

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 27, 2023

Population density is an essential factor affecting the life history traits of insects and their trade-off relationships, as increasing intensifies intraspecific competition. It decreases average resources available to individuals within a population, morphology, physiology, behavior, fitness. The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), has been invasive pest forest trees, ornamental plants, fruit trees in China for many years. larvae have typical aggregation habit before fourth instar keep spitting silk gather damaged leaves into webs. However, fitness H. response population remains unclear. In this study, critical biological parameters, food utilization, parameters different rearing densities were investigated. results showed that under high density, better performance, with faster development, higher survival rates, shorter generation time, but pupal weight female fecundity decreased increased. contrast, raised low developmental period was prolonged, mortality increased, while greater body size, observed. Both males females had similar development strategies may be more resistant crowding than males. conclusion, could adopt ecological against stress density. High result cycles rates. Conversely, low-density becomes longer fecundity. help determine possible outbreak mechanism develop effective monitoring forecasting measures .

Language: Английский

---

Cross-instar larval identification leads divergent decision on pest management: An example from white grubs on peanuts

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 102283 - 102283

Published: June 21, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Barometric pressure decrease induces density dependent changes in foraging behaviour in a parasitoid fly

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(17)

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

ABSTRACT Barometric pressure is an environmental factor involved in the modulation of a variety activities insects. Generally, drop barometric precedes arrival weather conditions that can affect insect and life expectancy. We simulated different scenarios modified hermetic chamber studied their influence on host-seeking behaviour larvae robber fly Mallophora ruficauda using air stationary olfactometers. In addition, we whether larval density modulates orientation to host under same drop. found motivation search for hosts affected by slope both low- high-density larvae. However, onset responses decrease, as low-density stop searching more quickly than This result reflects avoidance strategy according which would have reduced range higher risk mortality fewer chances find suitable adverse conditions. Low-density larvae, known prefer healthy hosts, do not parasitized normal nor drops, strongly suggesting selectivity modulated pressure. study paves way better understanding changes crucial behaviours induced conditions, provides knowledge about factors likely survival context foraging ecology.

Language: Английский

---

Mathematical modeling of genetic pest management through female‐specific lethality: Is one locus better than two?

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1612 - 1622

Published: March 16, 2021

Abstract Many novel genetic approaches are under development to combat insect pests. One strategy aims suppress or locally eliminate a species through large, repeated releases of genetically engineered strains that render female offspring unviable field conditions. Strains with this female‐killing characteristic have been developed either all the molecular components in single construct two constructs inserted at independently assorting loci. typically considered be only value as research tools and for producing solely male rearing factories which subsequently sterilized by radiation before release. A concern two‐construct is once released, would become separated therefore non‐functional. The released without sterilization single‐construct strains. Here, we use population genetics model density dependence evaluate relative effectiveness based on single‐ arrangements. We find that, general, arrangement results slightly faster suppression, but can eventually cause stronger suppression local elimination smaller release size. Based our results, there no priori reason males carrying segregating need prior In some cases, fertile more efficient suppression.

Language: Английский

---

Larval density in the invasive Drosophila suzukii: Immediate and delayed effects on life‐history traits

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

The effects of density are key in determining population dynamics, since they can positively or negatively affect the fitness individuals. These have great relevance for polyphagous insects which immature stages develop within a single site finite feeding resources. Drosophila suzukii is crop pest that induces severe economic losses agricultural production; however, little known about on its life-history traits. In present study, we (i) investigated egg distribution resulting from females' egg-laying strategy and (ii) tested immediate (on immatures) delayed adults) larval emergence rate, development time, potential fecundity, adult size. used varied range between 1 50 larvae. We showed 44.27% blueberries oviposition assay contained 11 eggs aggregates. high experimental (50 larvae) has no effect rate but developmental time. This trait was involved trade-off with traits: time reduced as increased, smaller less fertile females were produced. Our results clearly highlight consequences crowding juveniles adults this fly.

Language: Английский

---

How population control of pests is modulated by density dependence: The perspective of genetic biocontrol

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

Managing pest species relies critically on mechanisms that regulate population dynamics, particularly those factors change with size. These density-dependent can help or hinder control efforts and are especially relevant considering recent advances in genetic techniques allow for precise manipulation of the timing sex-specificity a control. Despite this importance, density dependence is often poorly characterized owing to limited data an incomplete understanding developmental ecology. To address issue, we construct analyze mathematical model general under wide range scenarios. Using model, investigate how performance affected by strength dependence. By modifying control, tailor our analysis simulate different strategies, including conventional biocontrol methods. We pay particular attention latter as case studies extending baseline include dynamics. Finally, clarify past work dynamics mechanistic models As expected, find substantial differences differing strengths dependence, populations exhibiting strong being most resilient suppression. However, these results size load, well target sex. Interestingly, also invasion certain strategies While parameterized using life history traits yellow fever mosquito,

Language: Английский

---