A meta-analysis of biological impacts of artificial light at night

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 74 - 81

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Light Pollution, Circadian Photoreception, and Melatonin in Vertebrates

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(22), P. 6400 - 6400

Published: Nov. 14, 2019

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing exponentially worldwide, accelerated by the transition to new efficient lighting technologies. However, ALAN and resulting pollution can cause unintended physiological consequences. In vertebrates, production of melatonin—the “hormone darkness” a key player in circadian regulation—can be suppressed ALAN. this paper, we provide an overview research on melatonin vertebrates. We discuss how disrupts natural photic environments, its effect rhythms, different photoreceptor systems across vertebrate taxa. then present results systematic review which identified studies under typical light-polluted conditions fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, including humans. Melatonin extremely low intensities many ranging from 0.01–0.03 lx for fishes rodents 6 sensitive Even lower, wavelength-dependent are implied some require rigorous testing ecological contexts. studies, suppression occurs minimum levels tested, and, better-studied groups, reported occur lower levels. identify major gaps conclude that, most crucial information lacking. No were amphibians reptiles long-term impacts low-level exposure unknown. Given high sensitivity paucity available information, it further order inform effective mitigation strategies human health wellbeing fitness vertebrates ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview tremendous variety light-detection strategies which have evolved in organisms - unicellular, plants animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), plethora ocular extra-ocular organs (animals). describe visual pigments permit photo-detection, paying attention to spectral characteristics, extend from ultraviolet into infrared. discuss how use light information a way crucial for development, growth survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, synchronization circadian clocks. These aspects are treated depth, as perturbation underlies much disruptive ALAN. goes detail on networks organisms, since these fundamental features critical importance regulating interface between environment body. Especially, hormonal synthesis secretion often under circannual control, hence clock will lead imbalance. addresses ubiquitous introduction light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or some cases reduce, generalized ever-increasing pollution. Numerous examples given widespread exposure ALAN is perturbing many plant animal behaviour foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization more. examine potential problems at level individual populations debate consequences ecosystems. stress, through few examples, synergistic harmful resulting impacts combined with other anthropogenic pressures, impact neuroendocrine loops vertebrates. article concludes by debating changes could be mitigated more reasonable available example restricting illumination essential areas hours, directing lighting avoid wasteful radiation selecting emissions, reduce end discussing society should take account potentially major has natural world repercussions ongoing human health welfare.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of the gut microbiota in developmental stages of Litopenaeus vannamei reveal its association with body weight

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2019

Abstract Increasing evidences have revealed a close interaction between the intestinal microbes and host growth performance. The shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) gut harbors diverse microbial community, yet its associations with dietary, body weight weaning age remain matter of debate. In this study, we analyzed effects different dietary (fishmeal group (NC), krill meal (KM)) stages (age from 42 day-old to 98 day-old) on microbiota. High throughput sequencing 16S rRNA genes determined novelty bacteria in microbiota core 58 Operation Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was present among samples. Analysis results indicated that development is dynamic process three across according compositions. Furthermore, KM did not significantly change shrimps compared NC group. Intriguingly, group, observed fluctuation coincided gain weeks 6–7. Six OTUs associated were identified. This finding strongly suggests may be correlated likely by influencing nutrient uptake gut. obtained study potentially will guidelines for manipulation provide novel feed management approaches.

Language: Английский

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Artificial light at night causes reproductive failure in clownfish

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 20190272 - 20190272

Published: July 1, 2019

The Earth is getting brighter at night, as artificial light night (ALAN) continues to increase and extend its reach. Despite recent recognition of the damaging impacts ALAN on terrestrial ecosystems, research in marine systems comparatively lacking. To further our understanding organisms, this study examines how reproductive fitness common clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris influenced by presence ALAN. We assessed exposure low levels affects (i) frequency spawning, (ii) egg fertilization success, (iii) hatching success A. under control (12 : 12 day–night) treatment day–ALAN) regimes. While we found had no impact spawning or dramatic effects hatching. eggs incubated simply did not hatch, resulting zero survivorship offspring. These findings suggest can significantly reduce a benthic-spawning reef fish. Further field necessary fully understand extent population community dynamics wild.

Language: Английский

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Live fast, die young: Behavioural and physiological impacts of light pollution on a marine fish during larval recruitment

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 908 - 914

Published: July 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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How dark is a river? Artificial light at night in aquatic systems and the need for comprehensive night‐time light measurements

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(6)

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are hotspots of biodiversity. They major importance for humans because they provide vital ecosystem services. However, as tend to settle near freshwaters and coastal areas, these also over‐proportionally affected by anthropogenic stressors. Artificial light at night can occur a form environmental pollution, pollution. Light pollution affects large areas on worldwide scale, is growing exponentially in radiance extent have diverse negative effects flora, fauna human health. While the majority ecological studies artificial covered terrestrial systems, aquatic unraveled impact organisms, functions well land‐water‐interactions. Although monitoring routinely performed from space supported ground‐based measurements, amount affecting water bodies still largely unknown. This information, however, essential design future laboratory field experiments, guide planners give recommendations regulations. We analyze this knowledge gap reviewing night‐time measurement techniques discuss their current obstacles context bodies. an overview context. Finally, we how comprehensive measurements specifically freshwater should be designed future. article categorized under: Water Life > Stresses Pressures Ecosystems Conservation, Management, Awareness Methods

Language: Английский

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Influence of artificially induced light pollution on the hormone system of two common fish species, perch and roach, in a rural habitat

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Almost all life on earth has adapted to natural cycles of light and dark by evolving circadian circannual rhythms synchronize behavioural physiological processes with the environment. Artificial at night (ALAN) is suspected interfere these rhythms. In this study we examined influence ALAN nocturnal melatonin sex steroid blood concentrations mRNA expression gonadotropins in pituitary European perch (Perca fluviatilis) roach (Rutilus rutilus). a rural experimental setting, fish were held net cages drainage channels experiencing either additional ~15 lx water surface or conditions half-moon. No differences between detected. However, concentration steroids (17β-estradiol; 11-ketotestosterone) as well (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone) was reduced both species. We conclude that can disturb biological urban waters. impacts rhythm might have been blurred individual differences, sampling methods moonlight. The effect biomarkers reproduction suggests photo-labile period around onset gonadogenesis, including (August). Light pollution therefore great potential crucial history traits unpredictable outcome for population dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Using all-sky differential photometry to investigate how nocturnal clouds darken the night sky in rural areas

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

Artificial light at night has affected most of the natural nocturnal landscapes worldwide and subsequent pollution diverse effects on flora, fauna human well-being. To evaluate environmental impacts pollution, it is crucial to understand both artificial components under all weather conditions. The sky brightness for clear skies relatively well understood a reference point lower limit defined. However, no such exists cloudy skies. While some studies have examined brightening by clouds in urban areas, published data (natural) darkening very sparse. Knowledge points illumination environments however, essential experimental design ecological modeling assess pollution. Here we use differential all-sky photometry with commercial digital camera investigate how darken two rural sites. spatially resolved enables us identify study nearly unpolluted parts set an upper ground overcast nights sites without

Language: Английский

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Working with Inadequate Tools: Legislative Shortcomings in Protection against Ecological Effects of Artificial Light at Night

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 2551 - 2551

Published: March 24, 2020

The fundamental change in nocturnal landscapes due to the increasing use of artificial light at night (ALAN) is recognized as being detrimental environment and raises important regulatory questions whether how it should be regulated based on manifold risks environment. Here, we present results an analysis current legal obligations ALAN context with a systematic review adverse effects. includes relevant aspects European German environmental law, specifically nature conservation immission control. represents 303 studies indicating significant disturbances organisms landscapes. We discuss conditions for prohibitions by laws protection gaps persist and, hence, specific legislation pollution necessary. While predominantly provided species special status that reveal avoidance behavior artificially lit associated habitat loss, effects without are often unaddressed existing regulations. Legislative shortcomings caused difficulties proving effect population level, detecting lighting malpractice, applying law ALAN-related situations. Measures reduce ALAN-induced impacts highlighted. obligation implement such measures favorable regulations can implemented.

Language: Английский

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