Multi-Year Global Oscillations in GNSS Deformation and Surface Loading Contributions

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1509 - 1509

Published: April 24, 2025

Recent studies have identified a near six-year oscillation (SYO) in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) surface displacements, with degree 2, order 2 spherical harmonic (SH) pattern and retrograde motion. The cause is uncertain, proposals ranging from deep Earth to near-surface sources. This study investigates the SYO possible causes loading. Considering irregular spatiotemporal distribution of GNSS data variety contributors we used synthetic experiments identify optimal techniques for estimating low SH patterns. We confirm reported displacement using same 35 stations previous 1995–2015 period. also note that its amplitude diminished when time span observations was extended 2023, dominance became less significant larger 271-station set. Surface loading estimates showed terrestrial water storage (TWS) loads contributed much more SYO, than atmospheric oceanic loads, but TWS load were highly variable. Four sources—European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5), Modern-Era Retrospective analysis Research Applications (MERRA), Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE/GRACE Follow-On)—yielded wide range (24% 93%) predicted contributions GRACE/GRACE Follow-On being largest. suggests may be largely responsible variations observations. Variations amplitudes period (1995–2023) consistent

Language: Английский

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Core-climate coupling: Changes in the Earth’s core dynamics driven by climatic processes

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107366 - 107366

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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