Gender in Mineral Names DOI
Christopher Emproto, Gabriela Farfán, Tyler L. Spano

et al.

American Mineralogist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 110(2), P. 181 - 188

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Abstract Minerals are the fundamental constituents of Earth, and mineral names appear in scientific literature for disciplines including geology, chemistry, materials science, biology, medicine, among others. Choosing a name is full responsibility authors new proposals submitted to International Mineralogical Association (IMA). Scientific nomenclature its traditions have evolved over time, consequently, track changes landscape mineralogy with respect language, technology, culture. To evaluate these changes, namesake information all 5896 minerals approved by IMA or “grandfathered” into use as December 2022 was recorded categorized within workable database. The compiled yields diverse insights intersection science culture could also be used project future trends. In this study, we database investigate gender diversity eponyms. More than half (ca. 54%) species named after people, identities whom largely reflection people that historically been involved, one way another, geosciences mining industry. Of 2738 them, ∼6.1% (interpreted be) women. Nearly women were during last 60 years, although growth rate year-on-year percentage namesakes has slowed since about 1985. If current historical trends hold, our model predicts will not comprise more 10.35% newly established years. representation differs starkly countries. For example, Russians 43.11% them but account only 15.12% However, there additional disparities beyond proportions namesakes. scientists who alive when averaged 3.74 years older men evaluated same timespan (1954–2022). These results demonstrate gender-based imprinted indicate parity impossible without unprecedented upstream demographics most likely affect naming

Language: Английский

Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science DOI Creative Commons
Ismael Soto, Paride Balzani, Laís Carneiro

et al.

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1357 - 1390

Published: March 18, 2024

ABSTRACT Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion – a dynamic rapidly evolving discipline the proliferation technical has lacked standardised framework its development. The result convoluted inconsistent usage terminology, with various discrepancies descriptions damage interventions. A therefore needed clear, universally applicable, consistent to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, policymakers. Inconsistencies stem from exponential increase scientific publications on patterns processes biological invasions authored by experts disciplines countries since 1990s, as well legislators policymakers focusing practical applications, regulations, management resources. Aligning standardising stakeholders remains challenge science. Here, we review evaluate multiple terms used (e.g. ‘non‐native’, ‘alien’, ‘invasive’ or ‘invader’, ‘exotic’, ‘non‐indigenous’, ‘naturalised’, ‘pest’) propose simplified terminology. streamlined translate into 28 other languages based ( i ) denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, ii ‘established non‐native’, i.e. those non‐native that have established self‐sustaining populations new location(s) wild, iii ‘invasive non‐native’ recently spread are spreading invaded range actively passively without human mediation. We also highlight importance conceptualising ‘spread’ classifying invasiveness ‘impact’ management. Finally, protocol dispersal mechanism, origin, population status, iv impact. Collectively introducing present aims facilitate collaboration species.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science DOI Open Access
Ismael Soto, Paride Balzani, Laís Carneiro

et al.

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

Standardized terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion — a dynamic quickly evolving discipline the rapid proliferation technical has lacked standardized framework its language development. The result convoluted inconsistent usage terminology, with various discrepancies descriptions damages interventions. A therefore needed clear, universally applicable, consistent to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, policymakers. Inconsistencies stem from exponential increase scientific publications on patterns processes biological invasions authored by experts disciplines countries since 1990s, as well legislators policymakers focusing practical applications, regulations, management resources. Aligning standardizing stakeholders remains prevailing challenge science. Here, we review evaluate multiple terms used (e.g. 'non-native', 'alien', 'invasive' or 'invader', 'exotic', 'non-indigenous', 'naturalized, 'pest') propose simplified terminology. streamlined translate into 28 other languages based (i) denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) 'established non-native', i.e. those non-native that have established self-sustaining populations new location(s) wild, (iii) 'invasive non-native' recently spread are spreading rapidly invaded range actively passively without human mediation. We also highlight importance conceptualizing 'spread' classifying invasiveness 'impact' management. Finally, protocol (1) dispersal mechanism, (2) origin, (3) population status, (4) impact. Collectively introducing present aims facilitate collaboration species.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Eponyms of birds mostly honour scientists and show positive inclusivity trends DOI
George Sangster

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 203(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract In biological taxonomy, eponyms have become controversial, mostly because some believe that represent social injustice and include biases against women people in non-western countries. Unfortunately, there are very few comprehensive quantitative studies of to inform this debate. a data set 28 395 names valid bird genera, species (non-nominate) subspecies, 6135 (21.6%) were identified. The proportion has increased since the mid-20th century was 43% 2010–2022. Most honourees scientists (71.5%), been case early 19th century. significantly 1900, whereas facilitators science (a group includes collectors, sponsors, artists) declined during same period. Overall, strong towards males (93%) western countries (93%). However, 1900 proportions female honorifics significantly, 2010–2022 these 17% 30%, respectively. These trends encouraging, large portion (non-avian) biodiversity remains be described. Therefore, will plenty opportunities compensate for past groups other than birds.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Substantial unrealised global biodiversity of continental microcrustaceans DOI
Rafael Lacerda Macêdo,

Mathieu Toutain,

Janet W. Reid

et al.

Journal of Plankton Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 338 - 347

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems provide essential services for human well-being, with their conservation success reliant on the precise quantification of biodiversity. Diplostraca (= Cladocera) and Copepoda are diverse groups microcrustaceans in aquatic ecosystems, important a multitude these services. We examined biodiversity trends groups, utilizing comprehensive dataset, approximately 2341 studies, spanning from early 19th Century to present day, aiming at predicting total number microcrustacean species that will have been described by 2100. Descriptions increased until 1900s, surged, then declined after 1975. The predictive models indicate year 2100, an additional 16–68% cladoceran 37–126% copepod likely be identified, representing significant portion currently unrealised Eighteen prolific authors contributed quarter descriptions, rest spread among numerous authorities. Based our extrapolation, could potentially exceed 6114 2050 9046 notwithstanding extinctions. These findings, which point amount biodiversity, underscore need refine estimates beyond conventional expert opinion. Such accuracy is crucial addressing underappreciated scale current crisis.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Uncovering Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda name length patterns for enhanced scientific communication DOI
Rafael Lacerda Macêdo,

Hendrik Segers

Zootaxa, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5383(2), P. 167 - 178

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

The motivations for describing species are multifaceted and extend beyond the scientific disciplines, promoting public engagement enhancing biodiversity communication. We delve into practices of naming Rotifera, Diplostraca (= Cladocera) Copepoda, underpinning effects time, taxon group lengths genus names on length specific names. Our investigation revolves around a comprehensive dataset comprising 6319 described between 1758 2021 Rotifers, Cladocera Copepoda. overall annual average hovers mean slightly over 10 8 letters, respectively, names, although it varied noticeably across taxa. Notably, our findings reveal no substantial temporal variation in years description. found positive not significant relationship suggesting that longer may influence choice support recommendation by International Commission Zoological Nomenclature existing related publications this topic, to prioritize short emphasizing importance concise ultimately use mnemonic assigned zooplankton species.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Gender in Mineral Names DOI
Christopher Emproto, Gabriela Farfán, Tyler L. Spano

et al.

American Mineralogist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 110(2), P. 181 - 188

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Abstract Minerals are the fundamental constituents of Earth, and mineral names appear in scientific literature for disciplines including geology, chemistry, materials science, biology, medicine, among others. Choosing a name is full responsibility authors new proposals submitted to International Mineralogical Association (IMA). Scientific nomenclature its traditions have evolved over time, consequently, track changes landscape mineralogy with respect language, technology, culture. To evaluate these changes, namesake information all 5896 minerals approved by IMA or “grandfathered” into use as December 2022 was recorded categorized within workable database. The compiled yields diverse insights intersection science culture could also be used project future trends. In this study, we database investigate gender diversity eponyms. More than half (ca. 54%) species named after people, identities whom largely reflection people that historically been involved, one way another, geosciences mining industry. Of 2738 them, ∼6.1% (interpreted be) women. Nearly women were during last 60 years, although growth rate year-on-year percentage namesakes has slowed since about 1985. If current historical trends hold, our model predicts will not comprise more 10.35% newly established years. representation differs starkly countries. For example, Russians 43.11% them but account only 15.12% However, there additional disparities beyond proportions namesakes. scientists who alive when averaged 3.74 years older men evaluated same timespan (1954–2022). These results demonstrate gender-based imprinted indicate parity impossible without unprecedented upstream demographics most likely affect naming

Language: Английский

Citations

0