The Potential Roles of Astrocytes and Microglia in the Spinal Cord and Brain After Spinal Cord Injury DOI Creative Commons
Fernando da Silva Fiorin, Caroline Cunha do Espírito Santo

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 12 - 12

Published: March 2, 2025

Background/Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that leads to cascade of cellular and molecular events, resulting in both primary secondary damage. Among the many cells involved post-SCI environment, glial spinal brain are pivotal determining trajectory repair. Methods: While recent SCI studies have shown changes genotype following injury, exactly how these alterations occur after damage remains unknown. In this sense, systemic inflammatory molecules could be connection between brain, inducing activation by different signaling pathways. Preclinical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer activator transcription (JAK/STAT), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathways change type. Results: These cells, which include astrocytes microglia, exhibit dynamic responses contributing neuroprotection neurodegeneration. effects indicate environment causes type leading actions. Conclusions: Understanding mechanisms cell activation, it possible clarify roles pathophysiology their potential repair post-injury.

Language: Английский

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Intervention with Medicinal Plants: A Critical and Narrative Review of the Current Literature DOI Creative Commons
Sandra Maria Barbalho, Beatriz Leme Boaro,

Jéssica da Silva Camarinha Oliveira

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 133 - 133

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, driven by dysregulation molecular pathways and activation brain’s immune system, resulting release pro-inflammatory oxidative molecules. This chronic inflammation exacerbated peripheral leukocyte infiltration into central nervous system. Medicinal plants, with their historical use traditional medicine, have emerged as promising candidates to mitigate neuroinflammation offer sustainable alternative for addressing conditions green healthcare framework. review evaluates effects medicinal plants on neuroinflammation, emphasizing mechanisms action, effective dosages, clinical implications, based systematic search databases such PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Science. The findings highlight that like Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, Curcuma longa, Cannabis sativa, Dioscorea nipponica reduce cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), inhibit enzymes (COX-2 iNOS), activate antioxidant pathways, particularly Nrf2. NF-κB primary pathway inhibited across studies. While anti-inflammatory potential these significant, variability dosages phytochemical compositions limits translation. Here, we are modulators underscoring therapeutic potential. Future research should focus animal models, standardized protocols, safety assessments, integrating advanced methodologies, genetic studies nanotechnology, enhance applicability disease management.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Potential Roles of Astrocytes and Microglia in the Spinal Cord and Brain After Spinal Cord Injury DOI Creative Commons
Fernando da Silva Fiorin, Caroline Cunha do Espírito Santo

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 12 - 12

Published: March 2, 2025

Background/Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that leads to cascade of cellular and molecular events, resulting in both primary secondary damage. Among the many cells involved post-SCI environment, glial spinal brain are pivotal determining trajectory repair. Methods: While recent SCI studies have shown changes genotype following injury, exactly how these alterations occur after damage remains unknown. In this sense, systemic inflammatory molecules could be connection between brain, inducing activation by different signaling pathways. Preclinical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer activator transcription (JAK/STAT), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathways change type. Results: These cells, which include astrocytes microglia, exhibit dynamic responses contributing neuroprotection neurodegeneration. effects indicate environment causes type leading actions. Conclusions: Understanding mechanisms cell activation, it possible clarify roles pathophysiology their potential repair post-injury.

Language: Английский

Citations

0