Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in savanna landscapes

Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 399 - 420

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Abstract Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) are the only great apes that inhabit hot, dry, and open savannas. We review environmental pressures of savannas on chimpanzees, such as food water scarcity, evidence for chimpanzees' behavioral responses to these landscapes. In our analysis, were generally associated with low chimpanzee population densities large home ranges. addition, thermoregulatory behaviors likely reduce hyperthermia risk, cave use, frequently observed in hottest driest savanna hypothesize a “savanna landscape effect” chimpanzees offer pathways future research understand its evolutionary processes mechanisms. conclude by discussing significance modeling evolution early hominin traits informing conservation programs endangered apes.

Language: Английский

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Well-digging in a community of forest-living wild East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)

Primates, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(4), P. 355 - 364

Published: June 6, 2022

Access to resources shapes species' physiology and behaviour. Water is not typically considered a limiting resource for rainforest-living chimpanzees; however, several savannah savannah-woodland communities show behavioural adaptations limited water. Here, we provide first report of habitual well-digging in group East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) suggest that it may have been imported into the community's repertoire by an immigrant female. We describe presence frequency related behaviour, its subsequent spread involved some degree social learning. highlight subsurface water concealed resource, cognitive, rather than physical, challenges presents rainforest environment.

Language: Английский

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Long‐Term Monitoring of Hunting Signs Reveals Complex Spatiotemporal Patterns of Hunting Activities in an Unprotected African Rainforest

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim The long‐term survival of many mammal populations relies on how effectively we mitigate the threat from unsustainable hunting. Yet, hunting activities are often cryptic, especially in unprotected forests. Here, investigate whether signs can help understand spatiotemporal dynamics an African rainforest and examine landscape characteristics predict various indicators Location Ebo forest, Cameroon, Central Africa. Methods We recorded (e.g., shotgun cartridges, wire snares, direct sightings) systematically 23 parallel recce lines across forest 2008 to 2023. assigned data spatial covariates elevation, distance village) 1 × km grid cells applied generalised linear mixed models effects these Results found that was commonplace entire forest. best‐fitting for each sign differed considerably. Shotgun cartridges all combined increased significantly 2016 2023 varied non‐linearly along village‐distance gradient. a progressive inversion trends anthropogenic gradient; between 2018, snares declined with road but 2021, they road‐distance Wire showed similar pattern river‐distance Our results also revealed differences snaring altitudinal effect elevation positive negative snares. Hunting trails decreased increasing terrain ruggedness. Main Conclusions Using monitoring data, show patterns change dynamically respect human landscape‐related features. demonstrate complex gradient influence, therefore questioning use proxies such as settlements even topography account pressure. Overall, reveal hunting, crucial evaluating effectiveness conservation interventions guiding prioritisation limited resources.

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Indicate Mammalian Abundance Across Broad Spatial Scales

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Ongoing ecosystem change and biodiversity decline across the Afrotropics call for tools to monitor state of or elements extensive spatial temporal scales. We assessed relationships in co‐occurrence patterns between great apes other medium large‐bodied mammals evaluate whether ape abundance serves as a proxy mammal diversity broad used camera trap footage recorded at 22 research sites, each known harbor population chimpanzees, some additionally gorillas, 12 sub‐Saharan African countries. From ~350,000 1‐min videos 2010 2016, we estimated mammalian community metrics, including species richness, Shannon diversity, mean animal mass. then fitted Bayesian Regression Models assess potential detection rates (as abundance) these metrics. included site‐level protection status, human footprint, precipitation variance control variables. found that species, well mass were largely positive. In contrast, rate richness less clear differed according site impact context. no association diversity. Our findings suggest chimpanzees hold indicators specific communities, especially population‐level composition‐related characteristics. Declines chimpanzee populations may indicate associated declines sympatric highlight need improved conservation interventions.Changes likely precede extirpation mammals.

Language: Английский

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Parochial cooperation in wild chimpanzees: a model to explain the evolution of parochial altruism

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1851)

Published: April 4, 2022

Parochial altruism, taking individual costs to benefit the in-group and harm out-group, has been proposed as one of mechanisms underlying human ability large-scale cooperation. How parochial altruism evolved remains unclear. In this review paper, we formulate a cooperation model in small-scale groups examine wild chimpanzees. As suggested for evidence that oxytocinergic system cohesion during out-group threat are integral parts chimpanzee collective action intergroup competition. We expand by suggesting is supported social structure which enables repeated interaction history established ties between co-operators. discuss detail role supporting cooperation, pathway appears already The reviewed suggests prerequisites were probably present last common ancestor Pan Homo . This article part theme issue ‘Intergroup conflict across taxa’.

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) grouping patterns in an open and dry savanna landscape, Issa Valley, western Tanzania

Journal of Human Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 103137 - 103137

Published: Jan. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Primate archaeology 3.0

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 183(3)

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

The new field of primate archaeology investigates the technological behavior and material record nonhuman primates, providing valuable comparative data on our understanding human evolution. Yet, paralleling hominin archaeology, is largely biased toward analysis lithic artifacts. While have been gained through an examination extant tool use its archaeological record, focusing this one single aspect provides limited insights. It therefore necessary to explore what extent other non-technological activities, such as non-tool aided feeding, traveling, social behaviors or ritual displays, leave traces that could be detected in record. Here we propose four areas investigation which believe overlooked by are crucial uncovering full potential behavioral repertoire, including own: (1) Plant technology; (2) Archaeology beyond (3) Landscape archaeology; (4) Primate cultural heritage. We discuss each theme context latest developments challenges, well future directions. Developing a more "inclusive" will not only benefit study evolution own right but aid conservation efforts increasing changes primate-environment interactions over time.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable Peeling of Kapok Tree (Ceiba pentandra) Bark by the Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast

International Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(6), P. 962 - 988

Published: July 2, 2020

Abstract Primates often consume either bark or cambium (inner bark) as a fallback food to complete their diet during periods of scarcity. Wild chimpanzees exhibit great behavioral diversity across Africa, studies new populations frequently reveal. Since 2014, we have been using combination camera traps and indirect signs study the ecology behavior wild ( Pan troglodytes verus ) in Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast, document understand adaptations that help them survive savanna–forest mosaic landscape. We found peel buttresses kapok tree Ceiba pentandra trees eat underneath. Individuals all sex/age classes at least six neighboring communities peeled bark, but only late rainy season beginning dry season, when may represent an important food. Baboons Papio anubis also target same mainly itself. Most bark-peeling wounds on healed completely within 2 years, seemingly without any permanent damage. recorded visiting early stages wound recovery leaving unpeeled. Only 6% N = 53) were reexploited after year, suggesting waited for rest regrow fully before peeling again, thus sustainably. Many human groups hunter-gatherers herders exploited sustainably past. The observation similar sustainable evolved both humans suggests it has adaptive value harsh environments other sources become seasonally scarce, by avoiding depletion resource keeping available

Language: Английский

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Ecotourism Disturbance on an Endemic Endangered Primate in the Huangshan Man and the Biosphere Reserve of China: A Way to Move Forward

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1042 - 1042

Published: July 11, 2022

The primary purpose of the Man and Biosphere Program is sustainable development both economy nature conservation activities. Although effectiveness eco-tourism to reach this goal has been proposed, due lack long-term monitoring data a model species, there no obvious mechanism evaluate policy. This study explored policy HMBR based on 30 years Tibetan macaque, local human population, visitors, annual ecotourism income in Huangshan by estimating species habitat suitability impact ecotourism. results showed increases for number eco-tourism. Simultaneously, reserve's macaque population size suitable areas increased. macaques expanded their low-altitude buffer zone (400-800 m), an area with lower disturbance. Scenic spots had significant negative (the substantially increased contributions scenic from 0.71% 32.88%). Our methods provide evaluation framework wildlife reserves.

Language: Английский

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Limited evidence of C4 plant consumption in mound building Macrotermes termites from savanna woodland chimpanzee sites

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. e0244685 - e0244685

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Stable isotope analysis is an increasingly used molecular tool to reconstruct the diet and ecology of elusive primates such as unhabituated chimpanzees. The consumption C 4 plant feeding termites by chimpanzees may partly explain relatively high carbon values reported for some chimpanzee communities. However, modest availability termite data well diversity cryptic potentially consumed obscures our ability assess plausibility these a resource. Here we report nitrogen from 79 Macrotermes samples six savanna woodland research sites across equatorial Africa. Using mixing models, estimated proportion sites. Additionally, tested isotopic differences between colonies in different vegetation types social castes within same colony subset 47 12 mounds. We found that were indistinguishable those 3 plants. Only 5 15% diets comprised plants sites, suggesting they cannot be considered food resource substantially influencing signatures consumers. In subsample, type caste significantly correlated with values, but not values. Large soldiers, preferentially chimpanzees, had comparably low relative other castes. conclude unlikely result either extant or fossil hominins.

Language: Английский

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