Pharmacological and behavioral investigation of putative self-medicative plants in Budongo chimpanzee diets

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. e0305219 - e0305219

Published: June 20, 2024

Wild chimpanzees consume a variety of plants to meet their dietary needs and maintain wellbeing. While some have obvious value, others are nutritionally poor and/or contain bioactive toxins which make ingestion costly. In cases, these nutrient-poor resources speculated be medicinal, thought help individuals combat illness. this study, we observed two habituated chimpanzee communities living in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, collected 17 botanical samples associated with putative self-medication behaviors (e.g., bark feeding, dead wood eating, pith-stripping) or events when consumer had elevated parasite load, abnormal urinalysis, injury). total, selected plant parts from 13 species (nine trees four herbaceous plants). Three extracts different polarities were produced each sample using n -hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol/water (9/1, v/v ) introduced antibacterial anti-inflammatory vitro models. Extracts evaluated for growth inhibition against panel multidrug-resistant clinical isolates bacteria, including ESKAPE strains cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Pharmacological results suggest that several potent medicinal properties. library screen, 45 out 53 (88%) exhibited ≥40% at concentration 256 μg/mL. Of active extracts, 41 (91%) showed activity ≤256μg/mL subsequent dose-response experiments. The strongest was achieved by n- hexane extract Alstonia boonei Staphylococcus aureus (IC50: 16 μg/mL; MIC: 32 μg/mL) Enterococcus faecium >256 methanol-water Khaya anthotheca resin E . pathogenic Escherichia coli μg/mL). We both highly parasitized individuals. K also targeted indicators infection injuries. All negatively affected COX-2 51 tested (33%) ≥50% 5 Several effects most 0.55 μg/mL), followed fern Christella parasitica 0.81 This consumed an injured individual, feeding behavior documented only once before population. These results, integrated observations eight months behavioral data, provide further evidence presence self-medicative wild diets. study addresses challenge distinguishing preventative food consumption therapeutic integrating pharmacological, observational, health monitoring data—an essential interdisciplinary approach advancing field zoopharmacognosy.

Language: Английский

---

Animal medication: The passive prevention and active treatment of self and others

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---