Host plant‐mediation of viral transmission and its consequences for a native butterfly

Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105(4)

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Pathogens play a key role in insect population dynamics, contributing to short‐term fluctuations abundance as well long‐term demographic trends. Two factors that influence the effects of entomopathogens on herbivorous populations are modes pathogen transmission and larval host plants. In this study, we examined tritrophic interactions between sequestering specialist lepidopteran, Euphydryas phaeton , viral pathogen, Junonia coenia densovirus, its native plant, Chelone glabra novel Plantago lanceolata explore whether plant mediates transmission, survival, loads. A two‐factor factorial experiment was conducted laboratory with natal clusters randomly assigned either or crossed uninoculated controls inoculation (20% individuals cluster inoculated). Diapausing were overwintered checked weekly for mortality. At end diapause, all surviving reared adulthood estimate survivorship. All screened quantify loads, horizontal postmortem. To test vertical adults mated, progeny presence. Within virus‐treated groups, found evidence both transmission. Larval had slightly higher Survival probability lower feeding inoculated groups experiencing complete Viral loads did not differ by although decreased increased sequestration secondary compounds Our results indicate use may confer fitness benefits terms survival reduced when larvae it infected supporting hypotheses potential evolutionary advantages range expansion context interactions.

Language: Английский

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Volatiles from cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) infested plants attract the natural enemy Hippodamia variegata

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

The Aphis gossypii is a major threat of cotton worldwide due to its short life cycle and rapid reproduction. Chemical control the primary method used manage aphid, which has significant environmental impacts. Therefore, prioritizing eco-friendly alternatives essential for managing aphid. ladybird, Hippodamia variegata , predominant predator Its performance in plantation directly linked chemical communication, where volatile compounds emitted from aphid-infested plants play important roles successful predation. Here, we comprehensively studied interaction between pest, natural enemy host by analyzing profiles using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We then utilized identified electrophysiological recording (EAG) behavioral assays. Through tests, initially demonstrated clear preference both larvae adults H. plants. Subsequently, 13 compounds, namely α-pinene, cis -3-hexenyl acetate, 4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, β-ocimene, dodecane, E-β-farnesene, decanal, methyl salicylate, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, farnesol, DMNT, TMTT were All these electrophysiologically active induced detectable EAG responses adults. Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated that, with few exceptions larvae, all chemicals attractive particularly at highest tested concentration (100 mg/ml). outcomes this study establish practical foundation developing attractants open avenues potential advancements aphid management strategies understanding details communication tritrophic level.

Language: Английский

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The role of host plants in driving pathogen susceptibility in insects through chemicals, immune responses and microbiota

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the pivotal role of host plants in shaping intricate interactions between herbivorous insects and their pathogens. Recent decades have seen a surge studies that demonstrate are crucial drivers pathogens, providing novel insights direct indirect shape tri-trophic interactions. These built on wide range from viruses to bacteria, protozoans fungi. We summarise these studies, discuss mechanisms plant-mediated insect resistance infection, ranging toxicity plant chemicals pathogens enhancement anti-pathogen immune responses, modulation insect's microbiome. Although provide evidence for roles all mechanisms, also point out majority existing phenomenological, describing patterns without addressing underlying mechanisms. To further our understanding interactions, therefore urge researchers design enable them specifically distinguish by which affect susceptibility

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the influence of plant defenses on prey quality as an opportunity to enhance biological control in agroecosystems

Biological Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 105515 - 105515

Published: April 21, 2024

To ensure sustainable food production within agroecosystems, effective pest control is of utmost importance. One critical component integrated management biological control. The attraction, retention, and persistence natural enemies cropping systems are key factors for the success effectiveness Despite great efforts to attract augment in little known about retention their populations after they arrive at a crop field. Plant defensive traits play role shaping herbivore population dynamics, yet impact on structure carnivorous arthropod communities contribution boosting remains understudied. Here, we discuss plant defenses retaining enemy by influencing quality herbivorous as prey enemies. These bottom-up effects host-plant often overlooked development strategies. However, these could serve foundation novel applications management.

Language: Английский

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Disease from leaves to landscapes: viral hotspots are determined by spatial arrangement and phytochemistry of host plants in specialist caterpillars

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2041)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Although infectious diseases play a critical role in population regulation, our knowledge of complex drivers disease for insects is limited. We conducted field study on Baltimore checkerspot caterpillars ( Euphydryas phaeton ), chemical specialists plants containing iridoid glycosides (IGs), to investigate the roles host plant, phytochemistry, ontogeny and spatial associations determining viral prevalence. analysed individuals presence loads, quantified leaf IG concentrations from their native novel plants, sequestered IGs caterpillars. found proximate caterpillar groups had greater similarity infection prevalence, with areas high prevalence indicating hotspots. Underlying variation plant chemistry corresponded differences Furthermore, we used structural equation modeling examine causal loads. Advanced was associated increased as well decreased sequestration IGs. Infection loads were lower but slightly higher, partially explained by Altogether, findings reveal that proximity, ontogeny, species secondary phytochemistry can all contribute structuring risk, thus offer insight into plant–insect systems.

Language: Английский

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Defensive Compounds Involved in the Invasiveness of Tithonia diversifolia

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 1946 - 1946

Published: April 27, 2025

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray forms high-density impenetrable monospecific stands as an invasive plant species. Its life history traits, such high adaptability with genetic variation under different environmental conditions, and growth reproductive capacity, may contribute to its success in invading increasing population the introduced ranges. Evidence has accumulated literature for activity of compounds involved characteristics against natural enemies herbivorous insects mammals, pathogenic nematodes, fungi, viruses, allelochemicals neighboring competitive Tagitinin A, tagitinin C, 1β-methoxydiversifolin, phytol, phytol acetate, α-pinene, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane,4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl), hispidulin, dihydro-p-coumaric acid, methyl linoleate are toxic insects, C 5-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid harmful mammals. Tirotundin nematocidal activity. α-Pinene, camphor, eucalyptol, α-terpineol have fungicidal 1β-methoxydiversifolin-3-O-methyl ether antiviral hispidulin act that inhibit competing The ability outcompete species is one essential factors infestation increase distribution new habitats. Therefore, these be diversifolia. This first review article focusing on

Language: Английский

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Viral Infection Induces Changes to the Metabolome, Immune Response and Development of a Generalist Insect Herbivore

Journal of Chemical Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(3-4), P. 152 - 167

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Defense-Related Genes and Pathways of Rice Plants in Response to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Infestation

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(20), P. 2879 - 2879

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Rice (

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic effects on the eco-immunology of herbivorous insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101285 - 101285

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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An integrative strategy used by the aphid Uroleucon formosanum to counter host sesquiterpene lactone defense: Insights from combined genomic and transcriptomic analysis

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Abstract Insect herbivores adapt and develop strategies to counteract plant chemical defenses. The aphid Uroleucon formosanum is a serious sap‐sucking pest that infests lettuces containing toxic sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). Herein, we employed combination of genome sequencing RNA‐seq transcriptome profiling understand the mechanisms underlying phytotoxin tolerance in U. . We generated first chromosome‐level assembly for , with total size 453.26 Mb scaffold N50 33.22 Mb. Comparative genomic analyses revealed an enrichment signals positive selection gene family expansion immune‐related pathways. Specifically, expanded set heat shock protein 70 ( HSP70 ) genes showed upregulation after treatment lactucin, suggesting they may play role immune response against STLs. expression takeout‐like cuticle‐associated was also significantly increased lactucin‐treated samples. Additionally, 53 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, 30 carboxylesterase, 19 glutathione S ‐transferase, 32 uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase 63 ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter were identified genome. CYP4C1 CYP6A13 7 ABC strongly upregulated lactucin treatment, indicating involvement detoxifying enzymes Our findings suggest cuticle barrier, enzyme‐mediated metabolic detoxification jointly enhance phytotoxins promote its adaptation host plants. This study presents valuable resource provides insights into insect challenges future technological developments management.

Language: Английский

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