Raman spectroscopy integrated with machine learning techniques to improve industrial sorting of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) plastics

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 373, P. 123897 - 123897

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Current industrial separation and sorting technologies struggle to efficiently identify classify a large part of Waste Electric Electronic Equipment (WEEE) plastics due their high content certain additives. In this study, Raman spectroscopy in combination with machine learning methods was assessed develop classification models that could improve the identification Polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC) blend PC/ABS contained WEEE streams, including black plastics, increase recycling rate, enhance circularity. spectral analysis carried out two lasers different excitation wavelengths (785 nm 1064 nm) varying setting parameters (laser power, integration time, focus distance) aim at reducing fluorescence. data were used train test Discriminant Analysis (DA) Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms an iterative procedure assess performance identifying classifying real plastics. settings optimized considering industry requirements, such as process productivity (classification short measuring time for fast identification) product quality (purity sorted polymers). Classification trained, first approach, only on target plastics; second all polymers expected stream, leading realistic overview potential scalability advanced limitations. The best models, based DA obtained laser 500 mW 1.0 s, led PS ABS purity up 80 %.

Language: Английский

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Progress of Complex System Process Analysis Based on Modern Spectroscopy Combined With Chemometrics

Journal of Chemometrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT In recent years, the role of analytical chemistry has undergone a gradual transformation, evolving from mere participant to pivotal decision‐maker in process optimisation. This shift can be attributed advent sophisticated instrumentation, which ushered new era capabilities. article presents review developments application intelligent analysis techniques, including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman and laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), processing complex systems over past decade. The provides an introduction fundamental principles these techniques examines evolution their instrumentation accommodate online monitoring. spectral data system processes represents aspect attainment on‐site quality monitoring, optimisation control. Accordingly, comprehensive overview methodologies employed chemometrics, encompassing preprocessing, feature selection, modelling strategies for model performance. Furthermore, this summary three tools, namely LIBS, are widely simulation, optimisation, control across multiple disciplines, environment, energy, biology, food. objective is provide valuable reference point guidance further promotion utilisation instruments, with aim promoting in‐depth development greater number fields.

Language: Английский

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Recyclability of Plastics from Waste Mobile Phones According to European Union Regulations REACH and RoHS

Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 1979 - 1979

Published: April 27, 2025

Small waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) such as mobile phones are rich in plastic components. Recycling is particularly challenging, since the main interest for recyclers printed circuit boards, valuable metals, while components usually destined thermal recovery. This study dedicated to assessment of recyclability potential fractions end-of-life (EoL) according European Union’s (EU) Restriction Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Registration, Evaluation, Authorization Chemicals (REACH) directives. A total 275 items (inventoried casings, frames, screens) were dismantled 100 EoL analyzed identify type abundance polymers via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) presence hazardous elements Br, Cl, Pb, Cd X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Polycarbonate (PC) (57% samples) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (27% items) identified most common prevalent polymers. In total, 67% contained Cl (0.84–40,700 mg/kg), 26% Br (0.08–2020 mg/kg). Hg was detected only one item (17 Cr found 17% items, with concentrations between 0.37 mg/kg 915 mg/kg, Pb 15% low (1–90 conclusion, present (with higher values smartphones), their below regulatory limits, suggesting compliance recycling regulations EU.

Language: Английский

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