Haemosporidian intensity and nestlings' life-history along an urban-to-rural gradient

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 24, 2024

Urban areas, i.e. dense housing and reduced green spaces, can significantly impact avian health, through altering land use increasing biotic abiotic stress. This study assessed the association of urbanization on haemosporidian infections, vectors, immune response, body condition in Parus major nestlings, across four classes along an urban-to-rural gradient Vienna, Austria. Contrary to our expectations, vector abundance remained consistent gradient, while increase leukocyte count is positively associated with total parasite intensity. We found that nestlings more urbanized areas exhibited higher intensity altered as evidenced by variations heterophil lymphocyte ratio counts. Culicidae female vectors were nestlings' parasites, scaled mass index, industrial units. Nestlings highly developed had infection rates than those forests, suggesting increased exposure infections. However, there was no clear relationship between parasites. The level negatively affected nestling condition, a decrease fat deposits from forested areas. Our findings highlight complex interplay urbanization, vector-borne transmission, host emphasizing need for comprehensive urban planning improve wildlife health guarantee ecosystem functioning. Understanding how affects bird immunity infections critical adapting landscapes integrity.

Language: Английский

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The role of forests in global climate adaptation

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Forests play a crucial role in regulating the global climate. Yet, forests also influence local climate conditions through biophysical processes that directly impact human wellbeing. With growing policy emphasis on these adaptation effects, we review scale dependent impacts of and their implications for Generally, existing buffer temperatures, with warming effects cold regions cooling hot regions. At scale, trees are more conducive to where dense would naturally exist. Additionally, generally reduce water runoff, which can flooding wet areas, but it limit availability downstream, especially drier Together, findings suggest positive tree tend be most frequent occur, highlight consensus around importance natural adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Drivers of Vector-Borne Disease Utilizing Geospatial Techniques in Jaipur

Advances in geographical and environmental sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 223 - 236

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Haemoparasite infection risk in multi-host avian system: an integrated analysis

Parasitology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Abstract Avian blood parasites play a crucial role in wildlife health and ecosystem dynamics, exhibiting heterogeneous spatial distribution influenced by various factors. Although factors underlying heterogeneity infection with have been explored many avian hosts, their importance the context of host species parasite taxon remains poorly understood, particularly cohabiting species. Using next-generation sequencing for screening, we investigate association between Haemoproteus , Plasmodium Trypanosoma infections relation to individual parameters, densities landscape features 3 cavity-nesting passerines: great tit ( Parus major ), blue Cyanistes caeruleus ) collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis highly fragmented forest habitat. Overall, predominated, followed tits most flycatchers least parasitized. There were no common patterns across probability locally transmitted from each genus. Specifically, all cases, effect particular if present, was observed only 1 Body condition differently tits. Host density, whether own or pooled, explained flycatchers, Landscape metrics, such as moisture index distance coast edge pastures, affected specific host–parasite combinations. Relative risk maps revealed gradients, but variation repeatability over time low. Our study highlights complex dynamics multi-host systems, shedding light on interactions natural ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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