Two- and Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 620 - 620

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

In vitro models play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease (PD AD). Traditionally, 2D cell cultures have been instrumental elucidating the cellular mechanisms underlying these diseases. Cultured cells derived from patients or animal provide valuable insights into pathological processes at level. However, they often lack native tissue environment complexity, limiting their ability to fully recapitulate features. contrast, 3D offer more physiologically relevant platform by mimicking brain architecture. These can incorporate multiple types, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, creating microenvironment that closely resembles brain’s complexity. Bioengineering approaches allow researchers better replicate cell–cell interactions, neuronal connectivity, disease-related phenotypes. Both advantages limitations. While simplicity scalability for high-throughput screening basic processes, enhanced physiological relevance Integrating findings both model systems NDs, ultimately aiding development novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we review existing study PD AD.

Language: Английский

Self-assembly and 3D Bioprinting of Neurospheres and Evaluation of Caffeine and Photobiomodulation Effects in an Alzheimer’s Disease In Vitro Model

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

Language: Английский