The FASEB Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(17)
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Citicoline,
a
compound
produced
naturally
in
small
amounts
the
human
body,
assumes
pivotal
role
phosphatidylcholine
synthesis,
dynamic
constituent
of
membranes
neurons.
Across
diverse
models
brain
injury
and
neurodegeneration,
citicoline
has
demonstrated
its
potential
through
neuroprotective
anti-inflammatory
effects.
This
review
aims
to
elucidate
citicoline's
mechanism
clinical
implications
conditions
such
as
ischemic
stroke,
head
trauma,
glaucoma,
age-associated
memory
impairment.
Citicoline's
prowess
is
rooted
ability
stabilize
cellular
membranes,
thereby
curbing
excessive
release
glutamate-a
pro-inflammatory
neurotransmitter.
Moreover,
it
actively
diminishes
free
radicals
inflammatory
cytokines
productions,
which
could
otherwise
harm
neurons
incite
neuroinflammation.
It
also
exhibits
modulate
microglia
activity,
brain's
resident
immune
cells,
hinder
activation
NF-κB,
transcription
factor
governing
genes.
Clinical
trials
have
subjected
rigorous
scrutiny
patients
grappling
with
acute
age-related
While
findings
from
these
are
mixed,
numerous
studies
suggest
that
confer
improvements
neurological
function,
disability
reduction,
expedited
recovery,
cognitive
decline
prevention
within
cohorts.
Additionally,
boasts
favorable
safety
profile
high
tolerability.
In
summary,
stands
promising
agent,
wielding
both
across
spectrum
conditions.
However,
further
research
imperative
delineate
optimal
dosage,
treatment
duration,
underlying
mechanisms.
identifying
specific
patient
subgroups
most
likely
reap
benefits
new
therapy
remains
critical
avenue
for
exploration.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
28(12)
Published: June 1, 2024
Abstract
Parkinson
disease
(PD)
is
one
of
the
most
common
neurodegenerative
diseases
brain.
Of
note,
brain
renin‐angiotensin
system
(RAS)
intricate
in
PD
neuropathology
through
modulation
oxidative
stress,
mitochondrial
dysfunction
and
neuroinflammation.
Therefore,
RAS
by
angiotensin
receptor
blockers
(ARBs)
angiotensin‐converting
enzyme
inhibitors
(ACEIs)
may
be
effective
reducing
risk
neuropathology.
It
has
been
shown
that
all
components
including
peptides
enzymes
are
present
different
areas.
Brain
plays
a
critical
role
regulation
memory
cognitive
function,
controlling
central
blood
pressure.
However,
exaggerated
implicated
pathogenesis
PD.
Two
well‐known
pathways
recognized
including;
classical
pathway
which
mainly
mediated
AngII/AT1R
detrimental
effects.
Conversely,
non‐classical
mostly
ACE2/Ang1‐7/MASR
AngII/AT2R
beneficial
effects
against
Exaggerated
affects
viability
dopaminergic
neurons.
fundamental
mechanism
was
not
fully
elucidated.
Consequently,
purpose
this
review
to
disclose
mechanistic
In
addition,
we
try
revise
how
ACEIs
ARBs
can
developed
for
therapeutics
Journal of Diabetes,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 397 - 408
Published: April 19, 2023
Abstract
Neprilysin
(NEP)
is
a
transmembrane
zinc‐dependent
metalloproteinase
that
inactivates
various
peptide
hormones
including
glucagon‐like
1
(GLP‐1).
NEP
inhibitors
may
be
effective
in
the
management
of
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
by
increasing
circulating
level
GLP‐1.
However,
acute‐effect
lead
to
detrimental
effects
blood
glucose
independent
These
findings
suggest
controversial
point
regarding
potential
role
on
homeostasis
T2DM
patients.
Therefore,
this
perspective
aimed
clarify
points
concerning
T2DM.
beneficial
inhibition
NEP,
which
involved
impairment
through
modulation
insulin
resistance.
increases
dipeptidyl
peptidase‐4
(DPP4)
activity
and
contributes
active
GLP‐1
proteolysis
so
improve
glycemic
control
endogenous
reduction
DPP4
activity.
Thus,
could
alone
or
combination
with
antidiabetic
agents
treating
long‐term
short‐term
effect
sensitivity
different
mechanisms
augmentation
substrates
pancreatic
amyloid
deposition.
are
confirmed
animal
but
not
humans.
In
conclusion,
produce
rather
than
humans
though
most
studies.
Neural Regeneration Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(1), P. 124 - 131
Published: May 25, 2023
Alzheimer's
disease
is
the
most
common
cause
of
dementia
globally
with
an
increasing
incidence
over
years,
bringing
a
heavy
burden
to
individuals
and
society
due
lack
effective
treatment.
In
this
context,
sirtuin
2,
highest
expression
in
brain,
has
emerged
as
potential
therapeutic
target
for
neurodegenerative
diseases.
This
review
summarizes
discusses
complex
roles
2
different
molecular
mechanisms
involved
such
amyloid
tau
pathology,
microtubule
stability,
neuroinflammation,
myelin
formation,
autophagy,
oxidative
stress.
The
role
all
these
processes
highlights
its
implication
etiology
development
disease.
However,
presence
cell
types
enormous
variety
substrates
leads
apparently
contradictory
conclusions
when
it
comes
understanding
specific
functions.
Further
studies
research
selective
modulators
targeting
are
necessary
clarify
functions
under
conditions
validate
novel
pharmacological
target.
will
contribute
new
treatment
strategies,
not
only
but
also
other
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
162, P. 105724 - 105724
Published: May 16, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
prevalent
around
the
world,
yet
our
understanding
of
still
very
limited.
Recent
work
suggests
that
cornerstone
AD
may
include
inflammation
accompanies
it.
Failure
a
normal
pro-inflammatory
immune
response
to
resolve
lead
persistent
central
contributes
unsuccessful
clearance
amyloid-beta
plaques
as
they
form,
neuronal
death,
and
ultimately
cognitive
decline.
Individual
metabolic,
dietary
(lipid)
profiles
can
differentially
regulate
this
inflammatory
process
with
aging,
obesity,
poor
diet,
early
life
stress
other
factors
contributing
greater
risk
developing
AD.
Here,
we
integrate
evidence
for
interface
between
these
factors,
how
contribute
brain
milieu.
In
particular,
discuss
importance
appropriate
polyunsaturated
fatty
acids
(PUFA)
in
diet
metabolism
specialised
pro-resolving
mediators
(SPMs);
raising
possibility
strategies
improve
outlook.
The FASEB Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(17)
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Citicoline,
a
compound
produced
naturally
in
small
amounts
the
human
body,
assumes
pivotal
role
phosphatidylcholine
synthesis,
dynamic
constituent
of
membranes
neurons.
Across
diverse
models
brain
injury
and
neurodegeneration,
citicoline
has
demonstrated
its
potential
through
neuroprotective
anti-inflammatory
effects.
This
review
aims
to
elucidate
citicoline's
mechanism
clinical
implications
conditions
such
as
ischemic
stroke,
head
trauma,
glaucoma,
age-associated
memory
impairment.
Citicoline's
prowess
is
rooted
ability
stabilize
cellular
membranes,
thereby
curbing
excessive
release
glutamate-a
pro-inflammatory
neurotransmitter.
Moreover,
it
actively
diminishes
free
radicals
inflammatory
cytokines
productions,
which
could
otherwise
harm
neurons
incite
neuroinflammation.
It
also
exhibits
modulate
microglia
activity,
brain's
resident
immune
cells,
hinder
activation
NF-κB,
transcription
factor
governing
genes.
Clinical
trials
have
subjected
rigorous
scrutiny
patients
grappling
with
acute
age-related
While
findings
from
these
are
mixed,
numerous
studies
suggest
that
confer
improvements
neurological
function,
disability
reduction,
expedited
recovery,
cognitive
decline
prevention
within
cohorts.
Additionally,
boasts
favorable
safety
profile
high
tolerability.
In
summary,
stands
promising
agent,
wielding
both
across
spectrum
conditions.
However,
further
research
imperative
delineate
optimal
dosage,
treatment
duration,
underlying
mechanisms.
identifying
specific
patient
subgroups
most
likely
reap
benefits
new
therapy
remains
critical
avenue
for
exploration.
