A distinctive subset of microglia positioned at the paraventricular zone are dedicated to cleaning the cerebrospinal fluid
Guoyang Zhou,
No information about this author
Jian He,
No information about this author
Baojie Mao
No information about this author
et al.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 24, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
interconnected
ventricles
in
the
central
nervous
system
are
filled
with
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
which
serves
multifaceted
roles
including
bring
away
metabolic
wastes.
However,
whether
there
is
an
inherent
“dislodging”
mechanism,
addition
to
CSF
drainage
and
reabsorption,
at
play
for
removal
of
microparticles
unclear.
In
this
study,
we
identified
a
subset
microglia
distributed
close
proximity
ependymal
wall
ventricles.
They
differed
from
parenchymal
morphology,
behaviors
transcriptomes.
particular,
paraventricular
extended
transependymal
dendrites
into
lumen
were
proficient
sequestering
phagocytosing
intraventricular
exogenous
particles
when
present.
A
specific
led
acute
ventriculomegaly
due
increased
colloid
osmotic
pressure
resulting
protein
accumulation.
Thus,
as
guardians
monitoring
cleaning
CSF.
Language: Английский
Charged Interfaces in the Brain: How Electrostatic Forces May Guide Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
61(9)
Published: May 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
flows
play
a
main
role
in
maintaining
brain
homeostasis,
supporting
waste
clearance,
nutrient
delivery,
and
interstitial
solute
exchange.
Although
current
models
emphasize
mechanical
drivers
like
cardiac
pulsation,
respiration,
ciliary
motion,
these
mechanisms
alone
fall
short
of
explaining
the
nuanced
spatiotemporal
regulation
CSF
flow
observed
under
physiological
pathological
conditions—even
when
accounting
for
glymphatic
framework.
We
hypothesize
that
electrostatic
forces
arising
from
charged
cellular
interfaces
may
contribute
to
movement
through
electro‐osmotic
mechanisms.
begin
by
examining
biological
basis
surface
charge
brain,
highlighting
presence
glycoproteins,
ion
channels,
dynamic
membrane
potentials
on
ependymal/glial
cells
interfacing
directly
with
pathways.
Next,
we
describe
key
principles
confined
geometries,
emphasizing
how
nanoscale
charges
can
modulate
motion
without
input.
Drawing
nanofluidic
research,
biophysics,
electrohydrodynamic
theory,
argue
conditions
required
coupling,
i.e.,
ionic
fluid,
narrow
conduits,
patterned
charge,
are
present
within
microenvironments.
To
test
plausibility,
computational
simulations
demonstrating
patterns
induce
structured
flow/solute
transport,
including
nonlinear
transitions
oscillatory
behaviors
resemble
rhythms.
These
findings
support
idea
electrostatics
modulatory
regulation,
complementing
drivers.
By
integrating
different
disciplines,
propose
testable,
mechanistically
grounded
hypothesis
reframing
dynamics
as
electrohydrodynamically
sensitive
processes.
Our
approach
could
inspire
novel
diagnostics/therapeutic
strategies
hydrocephalus
neurodegenerative
disease
inform
design
targeted
drug
delivery
systems.
Language: Английский
Mediation of White Matter Alterations in the Association Between Ventricular Dilation and Cognitive Decline in Hydrocephalus Patients: An MRI Study
Yawen Xiao,
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Yifei Gui,
No information about this author
Jiankun Dai
No information about this author
et al.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 20, 2024
Background
Cognitive
impairment
is
commonly
observed
in
hydrocephalus
patients.
Ventricular
enlargement
compresses
brain
parenchyma,
especially
the
white
matter
(WM).
Purpose
To
investigate
whether
relationship
between
ventricular
dilation
and
cognitive
decline
patients
mediated
by
WM
alterations.
Study
Type
Retrospective.
Population
51
communicating
(median
age,
54
years),
50
obstructive
49
53
control
subjects
years).
Field
Strength/Sequence
Diffusion
tensors
imaging,
3D
T1
BRAVO,
FIESTA,
CUBE
T2,
FLAIR
sequences
at
3T.
Assessment
DTI
parameters
(skeletonized
fractional
anisotropy
(FA),
skeletonized
mean
diffusivity
(MD),
peak
width
of
p(PSMD))
were
extracted
using
FSL
software.
Global,
periventricular,
deep
hyperintensity
(WMH)
volumes,
degree
(Evans
index),
other
conventional
imaging
markers
(number
lacunes
perivascular
spaces,
intracranial
volume)
united
intelligence.
tests
included
Montreal
assessment
(MoCA),
clock
drawing
test
(CDT),
vocabulary
fluency
(VFT).
Statistical
Tests
Multivariable
linear
regression
analysis,
mediation
analyses,
dominance
analysis.
P
‐value
<0.05
was
considered
significant.
Results
The
dilation,
parameters,
function
scores
interrelated.
FA
values
(
β
=
−0.0917,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI):
−0.205,
−0.024)
normalized
global
WMH
volume
−0.0635,
CI:
−0.13,
−0.0005)
together
37.2%
association
Evans
index
MoCA.
A
comparable
causal
pathway
found
for
periventricular
WMHs
but
not
WMHs.
Dominance
analysis
indicated
had
a
greater
impact
on
cognition
than
volume.
also
CDT
−0.0897,
−0.165,
−0.026)
VFT
−0.1589,
−0.27,
−0.083).
Conclusion
alterations
mediators
Evidence
Level
3.
Technical
Efficacy
Stage
Language: Английский
Effects of short‐term exposure to moderate amounts of alcohol on brain volume
Sakiko Tsugawa,
No information about this author
Fumihiko Ueno,
No information about this author
Mutsuki Sakuma
No information about this author
et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 12, 2024
Abstract
Aim
Although
numerous
studies
have
reported
that
chronic
alcohol
consumption
causes
brain
volume
reduction
and
cerebrospinal
fluid
increase,
few
examined
the
acute
effects
of
on
structure.
This
study
aims
to
investigate
short‐term
changes
following
administration.
Methods
Moderate
doses
were
administered
intravenously
18
healthy
volunteers
for
a
total
90
min
achieve
blood
concentration
0.5
mg/mL.
An
clamp
method
combined
with
physiologically
based
pharmacokinetic
modeling
was
used
fine
control
over
concentration.
T1
images
3T
MRI
scanned
at
three
time
points:
baseline,
0
min,
after
end
Cortical,
subcortical,
ventricular
volumes
computed
segmentation
FreeSurfer.
Repeated
measures
analysis
variance
evaluate
longitudinal
in
96
regions.
Results
Acute
administration
increased
bilateral
lateral
volumes,
which
lasted
until
injection.
On
other
hand,
gray
matter,
left
precentral
cortex,
caudal
middle
frontal
superior
cortex
decreased
administration,
but
these
disappeared
Conclusion
injection
moderate
may
enlarge
ventricle
reduce
matter
volumes.
The
transient
caused
by
be
related
CSF
flow
water
content
tissue,
warrants
further
study.
Language: Английский
Evaluation of the Glymphatic System in Rabbits Using Gadobutrol‐Enhanced MR Cisternography With T1 and T2 Mapping
NMR in Biomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(2)
Published: Dec. 25, 2024
ABSTRACT
Purpose
We
aimed
to
characterize
and
further
understand
CSF
circulation
outflow
of
rabbits.
To
our
knowledge,
there
is
no
research
on
contrast
material–enhanced
MR
cisternography
(
CE
‐MRC)
with
T1
T2
mapping
in
the
rabbit
model
using
a
clinical
3‐T
unit
without
stereotaxic
frame.
Materials
Methods
Twenty‐one
rabbits
were
included
study.
The
‐MRC
exams
T1/T2
mappings
categorized
into
approximate
time
points
based
an
intention‐to‐scan
approach:
precontrast,
less
than
4
h
after
contrast,
24
120
gadobutrol.
presence
media
head
neck
structures
was
scored
3‐point
scale
present
,
score:
2;
absent
0;
inconsistent
1).
estimates
directly
derived
by
drawing
regions
interest
corresponding
maps.
Results
Gadobutrol
accumulation
detected
near
cribriform
plate
nasal
areas
early‐phase
postcontrast
images
all
animals.
These
material
accumulations
completely
disappeared
obtained
≥
h.
lowest
olfactory
cerebral
observed
images.
Significant
correlations
between
enhancement
bladder
medial
portion
sclera
inner
ear
structures,
regions,
turbinates,
cavities,
cranial
subarachnoid
spaces.
septum
bulb
generally
lower
those
measured
frontal
parietal
lobes
Discussion
Our
findings,
which
indicate
absence
clearly
visible
arachnoid
granulations
rabbits,
support
significance
glymphatic
system
as
highlighted
recent
literature.
Glymphatic
transport
can
be
more
effectively
demonstrated
anatomical
physiological
differences
human
rodent
central
nervous
systems
must
considered
when
translating
experimental
results
from
humans.
Language: Английский