Phenol (bio)isosteres in drug design and development DOI Creative Commons
Calvin Dunker, Katja Schlegel, Anna Junker

et al.

Archiv der Pharmazie, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 358(1)

Published: Nov. 24, 2024

Abstract Due to their versatile properties, phenolic compounds are integral various biologically active molecules, including many pharmaceuticals. However, application in drug design is often hindered by issues such as poor oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and potential toxicity. This review explores the use of phenol bioisosteres–structurally similar that can mimic biological activity phenols while potentially offering improved drug‐like properties. We provide an extensive analysis bioisosteres, benzimidazolones, benzoxazolones, indoles, quinolinones, pyridones, highlighting impact on pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic profiles drugs. Case studies illustrate successful these bioisosteres enhancing metabolic stability, receptor selectivity, overall therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, addresses challenges associated with bioisosterism, maintaining potency avoiding undesirable side effects. By a detailed examination current strategies future directions, this serves valuable resource for medicinal chemists seeking optimize scaffolds development. The insights provided herein aim facilitate more effective safer agents through strategic bioisosteric modifications.

Language: Английский

Synthetic aspects, structural insights and pharmacological potential of pyrazole derivatives: an overview DOI Creative Commons
Regina Menezes, K. Subrahmanya Bhat

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Abstract There is an increase in infectious diseases every year. Heterocyclic compounds have been use as drugs for a long time. Amongst many heterocyclic derivatives, the containing pyrazole core has limelight because of its relative ease synthesis and excellent biological activities. Pyrazoles are aromatic consisting ring structure where two nitrogen atoms adjacent to each other contain three carbon atoms. Over years pyrazoles explored variety pharmacological applications. Herein, this review overviews information related industrially important pyrazoline scaffolds their applications, recent literature on synthesizing providing explanation activity by focusing structural relationship hence affording ideas design scaffolds. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

Citations

0

A review of recent advances in anticancer activity and SAR of pyrazole derivatives DOI

Heba A. Hofny,

Mamdouh F. A. Mohamed, Heba A. Hassan

et al.

Archiv der Pharmazie, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 358(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract The present review serves to highlight the antitumor worth of pyrazole derivatives. Several active pyrazole‐based anticancer compounds proposed by a huge number scientists worldwide are reported. Regarding development novel agents at faster tone, there is need correlate latest information with previously available understand situation this moiety in drug discovery studies. Herein, different pyrazoles classified according their mode action targets. results provided evidence that derivatives have potential applications for treatment variety tumor types. From study's findings, structure–activity relationship (SAR) demonstrated all containing substituted represent an important scaffold activities. Publications area increasing, and therefore, new therapeutic involving members could be discovered near future, as many prospects not been sufficiently studied so far other In words, provides overview state knowledge about structural characteristics most recent SAR various This will allow medicinal chemists identify promising structures guide design synthesis more effective safer candidates.

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Pyrazoles: A Master Key to Tackle Multidrug‐Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Structure Activity Relationship Studies DOI

Saraswati Sharma,

S. Krishnam Raju,

Santosh Kumar Verma

et al.

Chemical Biology & Drug Design, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 105(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria within the ESKAPE group pose significant treatment challenges. These feature effective efflux pumps and possess lipopolysaccharides in their outer membranes, as well a thin peptidoglycan layer measuring 5-10 nm thickness. Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), bacterium, is contributor to serious infections acquired hospitals communities, representing substantial risk human health. This bacterium has developed resistance nearly all existing antibiotics, past 50 years, no new antibacterial class been introduced for treating A. infections, highlighting an urgent necessity development of antibacterials. The unique structural framework adaptable features pyrazole ring attract researchers develop antibiotics. present study outlines advancements made over last decade pyrazole-containing derivatives that exhibit wide range activity against various bacterial strains. Specifically, we discuss effectiveness diverse multidrug-resistant strains explore aspects structure-activity relationship (SAR). compilation data could serve excellent platform designing developing pyrazole-based small molecules target growth baumannii.

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Phenol (bio)isosteres in drug design and development DOI Creative Commons
Calvin Dunker, Katja Schlegel, Anna Junker

et al.

Archiv der Pharmazie, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 358(1)

Published: Nov. 24, 2024

Abstract Due to their versatile properties, phenolic compounds are integral various biologically active molecules, including many pharmaceuticals. However, application in drug design is often hindered by issues such as poor oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and potential toxicity. This review explores the use of phenol bioisosteres–structurally similar that can mimic biological activity phenols while potentially offering improved drug‐like properties. We provide an extensive analysis bioisosteres, benzimidazolones, benzoxazolones, indoles, quinolinones, pyridones, highlighting impact on pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic profiles drugs. Case studies illustrate successful these bioisosteres enhancing metabolic stability, receptor selectivity, overall therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, addresses challenges associated with bioisosterism, maintaining potency avoiding undesirable side effects. By a detailed examination current strategies future directions, this serves valuable resource for medicinal chemists seeking optimize scaffolds development. The insights provided herein aim facilitate more effective safer agents through strategic bioisosteric modifications.

Language: Английский

Citations

3