Co‐generated fast pyrolysis biochar mitigates green‐house gas emissions and increases carbon sequestration in temperate soils DOI Creative Commons
Catherine E. Stewart, Jiyong Zheng,

Jorin Botte

et al.

GCB Bioenergy, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 153 - 164

Published: Sept. 20, 2012

Abstract Char is a product of thermochemical conversion biomass via pyrolysis, together with gas (syngas), liquid (bio‐oil), and heat. Fast pyrolysis promising process for bio‐oil generation, which leaves 10–30% the original as char. produced soil application, defined biochar ( BC ), it may increase C storage, reduce emissions greenhouse gases GHG such N 2 O CH 4 –potentially making fast bioenergy generation C‐negative system. However, differences in production conditions (e.g., feedstock, temperature speed, post handling, storage conditions) influence chemical properties its net effect when added to soils. Understanding if can sequestration will enable full assessment economic value environmental benefits this form bioenergy. We characterized by examined CO , ) efflux, partitioning using δ 13 C, across four temperate soils five rates; 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% w/w. The created highly aromatic, low N, ash‐rich : ratio 0.01, we expected be recalcitrant. Across soils, increased linearly decreased exponentially increasing addition rates. Despite still being actively respired after years, total ‐derived C‐ comprised less than volatile content (4%). Expressed equivalents, was primary emitted (97.5%), followed . All were small compared SOC sequestered recalcitrant that reduced emissions. recovery application would contribute negative carbon balance generation.

Language: Английский

Biochar effects on soil biota – A review DOI
Johannes Lehmann, Matthias C. Rillig, Janice E. Thies

et al.

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 43(9), P. 1812 - 1836

Published: May 23, 2011

Language: Английский

Citations

4325
Biochar to improve soil fertility. A review DOI Open Access
Yang Ding, Yunguo Liu, Shaobo Liu

et al.

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 36(2)

Published: May 30, 2016

Language: Английский

Citations

907
Biochar's role in mitigating soil nitrous oxide emissions: A review and meta-analysis DOI
María Luz Cayuela, Lukas Van Zwieten, Bhupinder Pal Singh

et al.

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 191, P. 5 - 16

Published: Nov. 7, 2013

Language: Английский

Citations

890
A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics DOI Creative Commons
Timothy J. Clough, Leo M. Condron, Claudia Kammann

et al.

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 275 - 293

Published: April 16, 2013

Interest in biochar stems from its potential agronomic benefits and carbon sequestration ability. Biochar application alters soil nitrogen (N) dynamics. This review establishes emerging trends gaps biochar-N research. adsorption of NO3−, up to 0.6 mg g−1 biochar, occurs at pyrolysis temperatures >600 °C with amounts adsorbed dependent on feedstock NO3− concentration. NH4+ depends feedstock, but no temperature trend is apparent. Long-term practical effectiveness inorganic-N adsorption, as a leaching mitigation option, requires further study. ammonia (NH3) decreases NH3 losses during composting after manure applications, offers mechanism for developing slow release fertilisers. Reductions loss vary N source characteristics. Manure derived biochars have role fertilizers. Increasing temperatures, manufacture manures biosolids, results decreasing hydrolysable organic increasing aromatic heterocyclic structures. The short- long-term implications immobilisation mineralization are specific individual soil-biochar combinations systematic studies required predict cycling responses. Most nitrous oxide (N2O) measuring were short-term nature found emission reductions, lacking, mechanistic understanding reductions. Stable isotopes elucidating biochar-N-soil There remains dearth information regarding effects biota cycling. has within agroecosystems be an input, agent environmentally detrimental losses. Future research needs systematically understand interactions over the long term.

Language: Английский

Citations

813
Soil carbon sequestration and biochar as negative emission technologies DOI
Pete Smith

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 1315 - 1324

Published: Jan. 6, 2016

Abstract Despite 20 years of effort to curb emissions, greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions grew faster during the 2000s than in 1990s, which presents a major challenge for meeting international goal limiting warming <2 °C relative preindustrial era. Most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models require large‐scale deployment negative technologies NET s) reach 2 target. A analysis s, including direct air capture, enhanced weathering, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage afforestation/deforestation, showed that all s have significant limits implementation, economic cost, energy requirements, land use, water use. In this paper, I assess potential soil sequestration biochar addition land, also global impacts on water, nutrients, albedo, cost. Results indicate useful emission (each 0.7 GtCeq. yr −1 they potentially lower impact requirement so fewer disadvantages many s. Limitations as centre around issues sink saturation reversibility. Biochar could be implemented combination storage. Current do not represent or biochar. Given SCS their advantages compared other efforts should made include these options within IAM can explored further comparison climate stabilization.

Language: Английский

Citations

780
Biochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects DOI
Ali El‐Naggar, Sang Soo Lee,

Jörg Rinklebe

et al.

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 337, P. 536 - 554

Published: Oct. 11, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

774
Insight into Multiple and Multilevel Structures of Biochars and Their Potential Environmental Applications: A Critical Review DOI
Xin Xiao, Baoliang Chen, Zaiming Chen

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 52(9), P. 5027 - 5047

Published: April 10, 2018

Biochar is the carbon-rich product of pyrolysis biomass under oxygen-limited conditions, and it has received increasing attention due to its multiple functions in fields climate change mitigation, sustainable agriculture, environmental control, novel materials. To design a "smart" biochar for environmentally applications, one must understand recent advances molecular structures explore potential applications generalize upon structure–application relationships. In this review, multilevel biochars are interpreted based on their elemental compositions, phase components, surface properties, structures. Applications such as carbon fixators, fertilizers, sorbents, carbon-based materials highlighted well structure-application Further studies suggested more detailed structural analysis separation combination macroscopic microscopic information develop higher-level selective applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

768
Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar–compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil DOI
Getachew Agegnehu, Adrian M. Bass, Paul N. Nelson

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 543, P. 295 - 306

Published: Nov. 18, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

727
Characteristics of biochar and its application in remediation of contaminated soil DOI
Jingchun Tang,

Wenying Zhu,

Rai S. Kookana

et al.

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 116(6), P. 653 - 659

Published: June 27, 2013

Language: Английский

Citations

548
Biochar Impacts on Soil Physical Properties and Greenhouse Gas Emissions DOI Creative Commons
Atanu Mukherjee, Rattan Lal

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 313 - 339

Published: April 18, 2013

Biochar, a co-product of controlled pyrolysis process, can be used as tool for sequestering C in soil to offset greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and amendment. Whereas the impacts biochar application on chemical properties are widely known, research information physical is scarce. The objectives this review (i) synthesize available data GHG (ii) offer possible mechanisms related biochar-amended processes, (iii) identify researchable priorities. Application rates 1%–2% (w/w) significantly improve quality terms bulk density (BD), water holding capacity (WHC). However, little surface area (SA), aggregation stability, penetration resistance (PR) soil. While amendment initially accentuate flux carbon dioxide (CO2), emission GHGs may suppressed over time. A 2-phase complexation hypothesis proposed regarding interaction between biochar.

Language: Английский

Citations

484