Mediterranean Biomes: Evolution of Their Vegetation, Floras, and Climate

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 383 - 407

Published: Sept. 12, 2016

Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) are located today in southwestern Australia, the Cape Region of South Africa, Mediterranean Basin, California, and central Chile. These MTEs possess highest levels plant species richness world outside wet tropics. include a variety vegetation structures that range from iconic mediterranean-type shrublands to deciduous evergreen woodlands, forests, herblands grasslands. Sclerophyll similar today's was already present on oligotrophic soils humid climate Cretaceous, with fire-adapted Paleogene lineages Australia Region. The novel (MTC) seasonality since middle Miocene has allowed colonization regional pool associated diversification. Fire persistence been primary driving factor for speciation four five regions. Understanding patterns diversity among involves complex interactions geologic climatic histories each region as well ecological factors have promoted diversification Neogene Quaternary. A critical element many MTE their ability speciate persist at fine spatial scales, low rates extinction.

Language: Английский

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How belowground interactions contribute to the coexistence of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species in severely phosphorus-impoverished hyperdiverse ecosystems

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 424(1-2), P. 11 - 33

Published: Sept. 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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Outstanding plant endemism levels strongly support the recognition ofcampo rupestreprovinces in mountaintops of eastern South America

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 46(8), P. 1723 - 1733

Published: May 8, 2019

Abstract Aim The Brazilian campo rupestre is a vegetation associated to ancient mountaintops in eastern South America, spread mainly over disjunct areas of the Espinhaço Range and Chapada dos Veadeiros. These hold outstanding levels plant diversity endemism, but despite their uniqueness they have been neglected recent bioregionalizations for Neotropical region. Given particular species richness we here test recognition these as distinct bioregions within Chacoan dominion. Location Mountaintops America. Methods We listed 1,748 angiosperm endemic Veadeiros regions, based on data gathered from Flora 2020 Project. extracted all occurrence information available GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) such list also polygon gathering study area, including adjacent vegetations. Data went through standard cleaning procedures network clustering analysis was performed delimitate boundaries new bioregions. Results Our strongly support two along Range, none high endemism singularity dominion, formalize provinces naming them “Chapada Diamantina” “Southern Espinhaço” provinces. Within latter province, three districts are recognized, this previous studies: “Diamantina Plateau”, “Grão‐Mogol” “Iron Quadrangle” districts. Main conclusions formalization previously described highlights harbouring contributing better understanding biogeographical patterns Neotropics. Also, follow International Code Area Nomenclature device standardize bioregions, shall facilitate further conservation studies areas. Further assessments with revisited needed enable minor scale bioregionalization

Language: Английский

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Fire-Proneness as a Prerequisite for the Evolution of Fire-Adapted Traits

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 278 - 288

Published: Dec. 3, 2016

Language: Английский

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Plant Biodiversity Drivers in Brazilian Campos Rupestres: Insights from Phylogenetic Structure

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Dec. 19, 2017

Old, climate-buffered infertile landscapes (Ocbils) have attracted increasing levels of interest in recent years because their exceptionally diverse plant communities. Brazil's campos rupestres (rupestrian grasslands) are home to almost 15% native flora less than 0.8% territory: an ideal study system for exploring variation floristic diversity and phylogenetic structure sites differing geology phytophysiognomy. We found significant differences across a range encompassing open vegetation forest on quartzite (FQ) ironstone substrates, commonly termed canga. Substrate physiognomy were key structuring the Espinhaço was more important substrate diversity, with neither nor its interaction accounting structure. Phylogenetic clustering both canga quartzite, reflecting potential role environmental filtering these exposed montane communities adapted multiple stressors. In communities, only at relatively deep nodes phylogeny FQ while no detected (FC), which may be attributable proximity megadiverse Atlantic biome and/or comparatively benign conditions FC deep, nutrient-rich soils access edaphic water reliable comparison those or quartzite. Clades representing old lineages significantly over-represented consistent Gondwanan Heritage Hypothesis Ocbil theory. contrast, forested recognized as Yodfels. To effective, conservation measures must take account distinct encompassed within broad term rupestres, vulnerabilities Ocbils

Language: Английский

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Mapping soil organic carbon stocks and trends with satellite-driven high resolution maps over South Africa

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 771, P. 145384 - 145384

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

Estimation and monitoring of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is important for maintaining productivity meeting climate change mitigation targets. Current global SOC maps do not provide enough detail landscape-scale decision making, allow tracking sequestration or loss over time. Using an optical satellite-driven machine learning workflow, we mapped (topsoil; 0 to 30 cm) under natural vegetation (86% land area) South Africa at m spatial resolution between 1984 2019. We estimate a total topsoil stock 5.6 Pg C with median density 6 kg m−2 (IQR: interquartile range 2.9 m−2). Over 35 years, predicted underwent net increase 0.3% (relative long-term mean) the greatest increases (1.7%) decreases (−0.6%) occurring in Grassland Nama Karoo biomes, respectively. At landscape scale, changes up 25% were evident some locations, as evidenced from fence-line contrasts, likely due local management effects (e.g. woody encroachment associated increased overgrazing decreased SOC). Our mapping approach exhibited lower uncertainty (R2 = 0.64; RMSE 2.5 m−2) less bias compared previous low-resolution (250–1000 m) national efforts (average R2 0.24; 3.7 trend map remains estimate, pending repeated measures samples same location (time-series); priority changes. While high can inform decisions aimed (natural solutions), potential are limited by soils. It also that such planting trees balance trade-offs carbon, biodiversity overall ecosystem function.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change and Edaphic Specialists: Irresistible Force Meets Immovable Object?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 367 - 376

Published: Jan. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Estimating Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Diversity Through Deep Learning

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 19, 2022

The reliable mapping of species richness is a crucial step for the identification areas high conservation priority, alongside other value and threat considerations. This commonly done by overlapping range maps individual species, which requires dense availability occurrence data or relies on assumptions about presence in unsampled deemed suitable environmental niche models. Here, we present deep learning approach that directly estimates richness, skipping estimating ranges. We train neural network model based lists from inventory plots, provide ground truth supervised machine learning. learns to predict spatially associated variables, including climatic geographic predictors, as well counts available records online databases. assess empirical utility our producing independently verifiable alpha, beta, gamma plant diversity at spatial resolutions Australia, continent with highly heterogeneous patterns. Our framework provides powerful flexible new biodiversity patterns, constituting forward toward automated assessments.

Language: Английский

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A Merningar Bardok family’s Noongar oral history of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve and surrounds

Pacific Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: April 29, 2024

Warning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers should be aware that this document may contain sensitive information, images or names of people who have since passed away. Context Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve on Western Australia’s south coast is world renowned for its biodiversity, particularly threatened fauna. Future co-management the with peoples likely, although very little information Noongar cultural heritage has been published thus available stewardship guidance. Methods This study used oral history interviews Country based open-ended questioning respect intellectual property. Comprehensive surveys were conducted foot Reserve. Key results A rich trove women’s men’s stories from Knapp family about recalled recorded. The features prominently in Wiernyert/Dreaming classical human moral dilemmas, transformations wrong-doing are featured. Threatened animals important plants named as borongur/totems. Trading gidj/spears Taxandria juniperina prominent. Use fire traditionally was circumspect, confined to small areas pathways lowlands. Granite rocks replete lizard traps, standing stones, stone arrangements. Conclusions a long layered Merningar Bardok Noongars, exemplified here by family, members which enjoyed continuous countless generations. rocks, wetlands, flora, fauna vitally vessels such knowledge. Implications Cultural suppression inhibited free cross-cultural exchange kaatidjin/knowledge until recently. As culture Elders becomes paramount, positive co-stewardship will become reality. Vibrant interpretation active management guides rangers recommended.

Language: Английский

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Plant biogeography of rock outcrops in South American tropical lowlands

Frontiers of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: March 10, 2025

Studies of rock outcrops in tropical South America have increased recent years, but they often been restricted to individual countries, single biomes or disciplines (e.g. through a floristic, functional genetic lens), limiting their generality. We review the current state knowledge on geological and floristic diversity identify gaps generate testable hypotheses for future research into biogeography evolution plant communities. find that lowland outcrop vegetation is disparately documented we know less about evolutionary biogeographic history these island-like systems. Based edaphic factors, classify American four main groups: granite/gneiss, quartzite/metamorphosed sandstone, limestone ironstone. hypothesise lithologies influence lineage composition floras. However, elevation also plays role creating microclimatic conditions by influencing degree insularity from surrounding vegetation. Our literature suggests support different floras, confirming this requires further surveys across full outcrops. suggest framework to: (i) improve floras how relate biomes; (ii) investigate relative roles niche conservatism using phylogenetic approaches; (iii) assess species cope with living naturally fragmented habitats analysis recruitment gene flow population genetics. Understanding can help provide information conservation planning decisions. Rock are urgent need study because possess distinctive highly specialised flora threatened climate land-use changes. There increase number studies some Latin countries Bolivia, Paraguay, Guyana, French Guiana Suriname) limestone). major determinant lithology outline be tested community-level data. Inferring relationships endemic establishing environments where closest relatives occur will powerful approach address questions historical assembly Population approaches focusing both elucidate connectivity and, therefore, insular vulnerable are.

Language: Английский

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