How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

GCB Bioenergy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1731 - 1764

Published: July 27, 2021

Abstract We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses biochar. The properties biochar its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock pyrolysis conditions. describe three stages reactions in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); aging (beyond 6 months). As ages, it is incorporated into aggregates, protecting carbon promoting stabilization rhizodeposits microbial products. Biochar persists for hundreds thousands years. By increasing pH, porosity, water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions root functions. Biochars catalyze biotic abiotic reactions, particularly rhizosphere, increase nutrient supply uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate development, resilience disease environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, average, P availability a factor 4.6; decrease tissue concentration heavy metals 17%–39%; build organic through negative priming 3.8% (range −21% +20%); non‐CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions from 12%–50%. show average crop yield increases 10%–42% with addition, greatest low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common tropics), sandy drylands due retention holding capacity. Studies report wide range diversity contexts which have been applied. Crop yields strongly if site‐specific constraints limitations are mitigated appropriate formulations. be tailored address site selection, modifying conditions, pre‐ or post‐production treatments, co‐application mineral fertilizers. demonstrate how, when used wisely, mitigates climate change supports food security circular economy.

Language: Английский

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Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Biochar, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 379 - 420

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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Fertilizers and nitrate pollution of surface and ground water: an increasingly pervasive global problem

SN Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(4)

Published: March 31, 2021

Abstract Nitrate pollution of ground and surface water bodies all over the world is generally linked with continually increasing global fertilizer nitrogen (N) use. But after 1990, more N consumption in developing countries especially East South Asia than industrialized nations North America Europe, nitrate freshwaters now increasingly becoming a pervasive problem. In this review it has been attempted to research information generated during last two decades from on different aspects natural bodies. It evident that not 50% directly used by crops which applied. While small portion may leach down reach bodies, large proportion ends up soil organic pool where mineralized taken plants and/or lost via leaching several decades. Present trends freshwaters, therefore, reflect legacies current past applications fertilizers manures. Tools such as simulation models variation stable isotopes oxygen are being extensively study contribution other sources enrichment freshwaters. Impacts agricultural stewardship measures assessed managed using modern digital frameworks. Improved management agroecosystems can reduce but host factors determine magnitude. Future needs also considered.

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional applications of biochar beyond carbon storage

International Materials Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67(2), P. 150 - 200

Published: May 7, 2021

Biochar is produced as a charred material with high surface area and abundant functional groups by pyrolysis, which refers to the process of thermochemical decomposition organic at elevated temperatures in absence oxygen. The carbon component biochar relatively stable, and, hence, was originally proposed soil amendment store soil. has multifunctional values that include use it for following purposes: improve health, nutrient microbial carrier, immobilising agent remediation toxic metals contaminants water, catalyst industrial applications, porous mitigating greenhouse gas emissions odorous compounds, feed supplement animal health intake efficiency thus, productivity. This article provides first time an overview unintended consequences applications.

Language: Английский

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Biochar, soil and land-use interactions that reduce nitrate leaching and N2O emissions: A meta-analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 651, P. 2354 - 2364

Published: Oct. 9, 2018

Biochar can reduce both nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and nitrate (NO 3 − ) leaching, but refining biochar's use for estimating these types of losses remains elusive. For example, biochar properties such as ash content labile organic compounds may induce transient effects that alter N-based losses. Thus, the aim this meta-analysis was to assess interactions between biochar-induced on N O NO retention, regarding duration experiments well soil land properties. Data were compiled from 88 peer-reviewed publications resulting in 608 observations up May 2016 corresponding response ratios used perform a random meta-analysis, testing impact cumulative emissions, concentrations leaching temperate, semi-arid, sub-tropical, tropical climate. The overall reduction 38%, emission reductions tended be negligible after one year. Overall, remained unaffected while reduced by 13% with biochar; greater (>26%) occurred over longer experimental times (i.e. >30 days). had strongest O-emission reducing effect paddy soils (Anthrosols) sandy (Arenosols). arable farming horticulture , it did not affect grasslands perennial crops . In conclusion, time-dependent is crucial factor needs considered order develop test resilient sustainable biochar-based loss mitigation strategies. Our results provide valuable starting point future studies. • 38% biochar. Soil unaffected. strongly soils.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review of engineered biochar: Production, characteristics, and environmental applications

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 270, P. 122462 - 122462

Published: June 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Biochar additions alter phosphorus and nitrogen availability in agricultural ecosystems: A meta-analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 654, P. 463 - 472

Published: Nov. 9, 2018

Language: Английский

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Comparing straw, compost, and biochar regarding their suitability as agricultural soil amendments to affect soil structure, nutrient leaching, microbial communities, and the fate of pesticides

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 751, P. 141607 - 141607

Published: Aug. 16, 2020

The emission of nutrients and pesticides from agricultural soils endangers natural habitats. Here, we review to which extent carbon-rich organic amendments help retain in reduce the contamination surrounding areas groundwater. We compare straw, compost, biochar see whether outperforms other two more traditional cheaper materials. present a list criteria evaluate suitability materials be used as soil discuss differences elemental compositions understand, how microorganisms utilize those their effects on physical chemical characteristics, microbial communities, well transformation retention detail. It becomes clear that for all three can vary greatly depending numerous aspects, such type soil, application rate, production procedure material. Biochar is most effective increasing sorption capacity but does not outperform straw compost with regards aspects investigated. Nevertheless, possibility design properties makes it very promising Finally, provide critical comments about make studies comparable (comprehensive provision material properties), improve concepts future work (meta-analysis, long-term field studies, use deep-insight DNA sequencing), what needs further investigated (the link between structural functional parameters, impact pesticide efficiency).

Language: Английский

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A concise review of biochar application to agricultural soils to improve soil conditions and fight pollution

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 228, P. 429 - 440

Published: Sept. 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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Effects of six-year biochar amendment on soil aggregation, crop growth, and nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies in a rice-wheat rotation

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 242, P. 118435 - 118435

Published: Sept. 16, 2019

Language: Английский

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