Endokrynologia Polska,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
74(5), P. 536 - 543
Published: Oct. 30, 2023
Introduction:
Galectin-3
(Gal-3)
and
fetuin-A
(Fet-A)
are
cytokines
that
participate
in
inflammation
insulin
resistance.
Previous
studies
have
found
altered
Gal-3
Fet-A
levels
circulation
correlate
with
diabetic
complications.
However,
whether
they
all
associated
retinopathy
(DR)
has
been
little
investigated.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
assess
plasma
concentrations,
investigate
their
associations
the
presence
DR
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
patients.
Material
methods:
A
total
100
T2DM
patients
were
enrolled,
among
which
there
50
without
(non
retinopathy,
NDR
group)
(DR
group).
Clinical
parameters
collected,
measured
by
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA).
Results:
Both
be
increased
respect
controls,
correlated
positively
Fet-A.
Bivariate
correlation
analysis
revealed
haemoglobin
A1c
(HbA
1c
),
while
negatively
fasting
C
peptide
(FC-P)
homocysteine
(Hcy).
Binary
logistic
regression
suggested
elevated
related
risk
DR.
ROC
curve
displayed
combination
exhibited
better
diagnostic
value
for
Conclusions:
patients,
occurrence
indicators
showed
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(21), P. 3503 - 3503
Published: Nov. 4, 2022
Type
1
diabetes
(T1D)
is
an
autoimmune
disease
in
which
the
β-cells
of
pancreas
are
attacked
by
host’s
immune
system,
ultimately
resulting
hyperglycemia.
It
a
complex
multifactorial
postulated
to
result
from
combination
genetic
and
environmental
factors.
In
parallel
with
increasing
prevalence
T1D
genetically
stable
populations,
highlighting
component,
consumption
advanced
glycation
end
products
(AGEs)
commonly
found
Western
diets
has
increased
significantly
over
past
decades.
AGEs
can
bind
cell
surface
receptors
including
receptor
for
(RAGE).
RAGE
proinflammatory
roles
host–pathogen
defense,
thereby
influencing
behavior
activate
cause
proliferation
cells
such
as
islet
infiltrating
CD8+
CD4+
T
suppress
activity
regulatory
cells,
contributing
β-cell
injury
Insights
studies
individuals
at
risk
have
demonstrated
that
progression
symptomatic
onset
diagnosis
vary,
ranging
months
years,
providing
window
opportunity
prevention
strategies.
Interaction
between
believed
be
major
factor
targeting
AGE-RAGE
axis
may
act
potential
therapeutic
strategy
prevention.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: May 16, 2024
Pseudoxanthoma
elasticum
(PXE)
is
a
rare
disease
characterized
by
ectopic
calcification,
however,
despite
the
widely
spread
effect
of
pro/anti-calcifying
systemic
factors
associated
with
this
genetic
metabolic
condition,
it
not
known
why
elastic
fibers
in
same
patient
are
mainly
fragmented
or
highly
mineralized
clinically
unaffected
(CUS)
and
affected
(CAS)
skin,
respectively.
Cellular
morphology
secretome
investigated
vitro
CUS
CAS
fibroblasts.
Here
we
show
that,
compared
to
CUS,
fibroblasts
exhibit:
a)
differently
distributed
organized
focal
adhesions
stress
fibers;
b)
modified
cell-matrix
interactions
(i.e.,
collagen
gel
retraction);
c)
imbalance
between
matrix
metalloproteinases
tissue
inhibitor
metalloproteinases;
d)
differentially
expressed
pro-
anti-calcifying
proteoglycans
elastic-fibers
glycoproteins.
These
data
emphasize
that
development
pathologic
mineral
deposition
play
an
active
role
altering
stability
extracellular
milieu
creating
local
microenvironment
guiding
level
remodeling
at
extent
may
lead
degradation
(in
CUS)
calcification
CAS)
component.
In
conclusion,
study
contributes
better
understanding
mechanisms
can
be
also
several
inherited
age-related
diseases
(e.g.,
diabetes,
atherosclerosis,
chronic
kidney
diseases).
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 31, 2024
Dementia
is
a
devastating
disorder
characterized
by
progressive
and
persistent
cognitive
decline,
imposing
heavy
public
health
burden
on
the
individual
society.
Despite
numerous
efforts
researchers
in
field
of
dementia,
pharmacological
treatments
are
limited
to
relieving
symptoms
fail
prevent
disease
progression.
Therefore,
studies
exploring
novel
therapeutics
or
repurposing
classical
drugs
indicated
for
other
diseases
urgently
needed.
Metformin,
first-line
antihyperglycemic
drug
used
treat
type
2
diabetes,
has
been
shown
be
beneficial
neurodegenerative
including
dementia.
This
review
discusses
evaluates
neuroprotective
role
metformin
from
perspective
basic
clinical
studies.
Mechanistically,
improve
insulin
resistance,
reduce
neuronal
apoptosis,
decrease
oxidative
stress
neuroinflammation
brain.
Collectively,
current
data
presented
here
support
future
potential
as
therapeutic
strategy
study
also
inspires
new
translational
research
discover
targets
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(11), P. 9617 - 9617
Published: June 1, 2023
Galectin-3
(Gal-3),
a
beta-galactoside-binding
lectin,
plays
pivotal
role
in
various
cellular
processes,
including
immune
responses,
inflammation,
and
cancer
progression.
This
comprehensive
review
aims
to
elucidate
the
multifaceted
functions
of
Gal-3,
starting
with
its
crucial
involvement
viral
entry
through
facilitating
attachment
catalyzing
internalization.
Furthermore,
Gal-3
assumes
significant
roles
modulating
encompassing
activation
recruitment
cells,
regulation
signaling
pathways,
orchestration
processes
such
as
apoptosis
autophagy.
The
impact
extends
life
cycle,
critical
phases
replication,
assembly,
release.
Notably,
also
contributes
pathogenesis,
demonstrating
tissue
damage,
persistence
latency
elements.
A
detailed
examination
specific
diseases,
SARS-CoV-2,
HIV,
influenza
A,
underscores
intricate
responses
adherence
entry.
Moreover,
potential
biomarker
for
disease
severity,
particularly
COVID-19,
is
considered.
Gaining
further
insight
into
mechanisms
these
infections
could
pave
way
development
innovative
treatment
prevention
options
wide
range
diseases.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Very
recently,
we
creatively
put
forward
a
new
classification
for
ACLF
patients,
which
lays
the
foundation
establishment
of
prognostic
model
that
can
accurately
predict
prognosis
patients.
Herein,
found:
galectin-3
levels
were
higher
in
type
A
patients
compared
to
those
B
patients;
expression
was
closely
correlated
with
TBil,
PTA/INR
and
MELD;
is
an
independent
predictive
factor
rapid
progression
ACLF,
exhibited
superior
value
than
MELD
score;
survival
rate
remarkably
lower
expression.
Collectively,
be
considered
as
non-invasive
biomarker
typing.
Our
findings
help
advance
time
window
prediction
from
4
weeks
baseline,
thereby
identifying
who
really
need
liver
transplantation
earlier
improving
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
conditions
(7).
Studies
in
clinical
research
have
shown
a
strong
association
between
high
levels
of
circulating
Gal-3
and
the
occurrence
diabetes
its
related
complications
(8).
There
is
substantial
evidence
that
plays
role
development
diabetic
by
acting
as
receptor
for
advanced
glycation
end-products
lipoxidation
(9).
Furthermore,
increased
expression
pancreatic
β-cells
modulates
glucose
metabolism
glycoregulation
mice
on
high-fat
diet,
impacting
both
fasting
overall
glycemia
(10).
Collectively,
this
underscores
importance
understanding
how
galectins
modulate
hormonal
responses
their
potential
impact
developing
new
therapies.Hormones
Health
Disease,
explores
complexities
galectin-hormone
modulation
can
influence
human
physiology
pathology.In
context,
article
Souza
et
al.
highlights
multifaceted
regulator
therapeutic
target
hormone-resistant
cancers.
colleagues
examine
prostate
cancer
progression,
particularly
focusing
interaction
with
estrogen
receptors
(ER)
castration-resistant
(CRPC).
frequently
dysregulated
various
cancers,
cancer,
(ERα
ERβ)
appears
to
tumor
cell
proliferation,
migration,
invasion,
androgen-independent
cells.
The
authors
propose
ER
may
work
concert
nuclear
transcription
mechanisms,
affecting
genes
linked
growth
apoptosis
resistance.
Additionally,
discusses
promote
pro-tumor
environment
diminishing
immune
against
tumor.
This
focus
regulation
hormone-dependent
cancers
offers
promising
insights
targets,
essential
targeted
treatments
CRPC.
Thus,
study
provides
unique
perspective
Gal-3's
signaling
contribution
treatment
resistance-a
significant
challenge
CRPC.In
addition,
studies
deficiency
disrupts
thymus
homeostasis,
leading
local
systemic
glucocorticoid
signs
premature
thymic
involution
(11).
Ramos
focuses
distribution
pre-diabetic
non-obese
(NOD)
mice.It
exhibits
altered
NOD
mouse
thymus.
change
impacts
thymocyte
found
specific
cells
extracellular
matrix
molecules.
Notably,
clustering
B
lymphocytes
dendritic
within
perivascular
spaces
(PVS)
suggests
autoimmune
diabetes.Findings
reveal
thymocytes
exhibit
impaired
migration
response
Gal-3,
which
contribute
processes
type
1
diabetes.Gal-3
Matrix
Metalloproteinase-9
(MMP-9)
been
associated
pathophysiology
atherosclerosis.
Both
proteins
are
involved
inflammatory
processes,
plaque
instability,
tissue
remodeling
(12,13).
mutual
these
has
made
them
biomarkers
assessing
severity
risk
cardiovascular
events
patients
In
Liu
used
vitro
vivo
strategies
investigate
possible
MMP-9
early
markers
atherosclerosis
patients.
data
revealed
active
gene
protein
MCP-1,
ICAM-1,
VCAM-1
coronary
artery
smooth
muscle
(HCASMCs).They
also
demonstrated
exogenous
induced
inflammation
KK.Cg-Ay/J
(KK)
mice,
correlation
macrophages
expressing
carotid
arteries.
patients,
serum
were
size
number
plaques,
luminal
stenosis
suggest
plasma
heart
failure
(14).
While
exact
roles
diseases
still
unclear,
supports
measuring
certain
patient
cohorts.
profibrotic
activity
(3,15)
involvement
(16)
relevance
lectin,
spurring
investigations
into
settings
use
inhibitors
(17,18).
Nevertheless,
shed
light
significance
necessary.
Cao
present
phase
IV
protocol
they
will
follow
two
cohorts
an
experimental
group
receiving
sodium/glucose
transporter
(iSGLT2)
control
conventional
II
diabetes.
Among
variables
followed,
correlating
cardiac
function
treated
or
not
iSCGLT2.
Similar
be
necessary
identify
benefit
from
strategies.In
conclusion,
galectins,
play
critical
at
intersection
Endocrinology
pathological
conditions,
including
diabetes,
diseases.
Current
glycan-binding
modulating
implications
key
biological
such
regulation.
As
we
gain
deeper
insight
hormones,
emerge
could
improve
outcomes
challenging
Ongoing
crucial
furthering
personalized
medicine
approaches
management
metabolic
cancer-related
conditions.
