Pollutants,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(2), P. 293 - 319
Published: June 6, 2023
This
state-of-the-art
review
is
designed
to
provide
a
factual
analysis
of
indoor
air
pollution
in
Pakistan.
Primarily,
the
main
sources
and
related
pollutants
were
analyzed.
Key
include
household
energy
(biomass,
wood,
coal,
tobacco,
low
temperatures)
producing
particulate
matter
(PM),
dust
particles,
smoke,
COx,
noxious
gases,
bioaerosols,
airborne
microflora,
flame
retardants.
According
literature,
rural
regions
Pakistan
using
biomass
fuels
have
high
PM
concentration
range
4000–9000
μg/m3.
In
rural/urban
regions,
smoking
also
leads
PM2.5
levels
~1800
μg/m3,
which
can
cause
pulmonary
infections.
hospitals,
concentrations
detected
up
1000
causing
repeated
infections
patients.
Indoor
ingestion
containing
polychlorinated
biphenyl
was
observed
at
(~8.79–34.39
ng/g)
cities;
this
serious
health
effects
such
as
cancer
risks
loss
working
productivity.
Moreover,
microflora
bacteria
(~10,000–15,000
cfu
m−3)
urban/rural
respiratory/cancer
risks.
context,
quality
(IAQ)
monitoring
management
strategies
been
somewhat
developed;
however,
their
implementation
Pakistan’s
environments
still
needed.
Various
challenges
identified
for
monitoring/regulating
IAQ.
There
firm
need
industry–academia–research
cooperation
involvement
government/agencies
support
control/management
intervention
strategies.
Critical Reviews in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 35
Published: April 18, 2025
Antimicrobial
resistance
threatens
humans
and
animals
worldwide
is
recognized
as
one
of
the
leading
global
public
health
issues.
Escherichia
coli
(E.
coli)
has
an
unquestionable
role
in
carrying
transmitting
antibiotic
genes
(ARGs),
which
many
cases
are
encoded
on
plasmids
or
phage,
thus
creating
potential
for
horizontal
gene
transfer.
In
this
literature
review,
authors
summarize
major
occurring
E.
bacteria,
through
classes.
The
aim
was
not
only
listing
against
clinically
relevant
antibiotics,
used
treatment
infections,
but
also
to
cover
entire
carriage
coli,
providing
a
more
complete
picture.
We
started
with
long-standing
groups
(beta-lactams,
aminoglycosides,
tetracyclines,
sulfonamides
diaminopyrimidines),
then
moved
toward
newer
(phenicols,
peptides,
fluoroquinolones,
nitrofurans
nitroimidazoles),
every
group
we
summarized
grouped
by
mechanism
their
action
(enzymatic
inactivation,
efflux,
reduced
permeability,
etc.).
observed
that
frequency
mechanisms
changes
different
groups.
ACS ES&T Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(7), P. 1600 - 1608
Published: May 17, 2024
The
escalation
of
the
COVID-19
outbreak
has
significantly
increased
research
into
transmission
airborne
infectious
diseases
in
indoor
settings,
underscoring
urgent
necessity
for
affordable
and
efficient
methods
air
disinfection.
aim
present
work
is
development
a
complete
framework
based
on
designed
experiments
exploring
optimizing
bioaerosol
removal
inactivation
efficiency
novel
disinfection
device.
This
device
combines
aerodynamic
effect
three-dimensional
vortex
structure
with
UV-C
radiation
provided
by
commercially
available
light-emitting
diodes
(UV-C
LEDs).
system
was
tested
to
locally
maintain
high
intensity
that
suitable
A
controlled
experimental
laboratory
model
aerosolization
set
up
using
an
impinger
medical
vibrating
nebulizer,
cylindrical
chamber
travel,
SKC
BioSampler
collecting
microorganisms
capable
replicating.
nonpathogenic
strain
E.
coli
(BL21-DE3)
used
as
bacteria.
assessed
enumeration
colonies
originating
from
viable
coli.
Interactions
between
analytical
factors
their
optimal
levels
were
investigated
sequential
D-optimal
designs
adapted
domain
constraints
previous
computational
simulations
performance
Five
variables
(the
concentration
aerosolized
bacteria;
size
aerosol
particles;
volumetric
airflow;
power
LEDs;
two
configurations
device)
considered
optimization
process.
Response
surfaces
allowed
identification
ideal
working
conditions
maximize
device,
essential
requirement
device's
future
exploitation
real-world
settings.
Reviews on Environmental Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 30, 2024
The
scientific
community
warns
that
our
impact
on
planet
Earth
is
so
acute
we
are
crossing
several
of
the
planetary
boundaries
demarcate
safe
operating
space
for
humankind.
Besides,
there
mounting
evidence
serious
effects
people's
health
derived
from
ongoing
environmental
degradation.
Regarding
human
health,
spread
antibiotic
resistant
bacteria
one
most
critical
public
issues
worldwide.
Relevantly,
resistance
has
been
claimed
to
be
quintessential
One
Health
issue.
concept
links
human,
animal,
and
but
it
frequently
only
focused
risk
zoonotic
pathogens
or,
a
lesser
extent,
contaminants
i.e.,
adverse
coming
other
two
"compartments".
It
recurrently
must
approached
perspective,
such
statement
often
refers
connection
between
use
antibiotics
in
veterinary
practice
crisis,
or
(antibiotics,
heavy
metals,
disinfectants,
etc.)
resistance.
Nonetheless,
nine
Earth-system
processes
considered
framework
can
directly
indirectly
linked
Here,
some
main
those
dissemination
described.
ultimate
goal
expand
focus
by
pointing
out
issue,
Chemistry of Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(21), P. 9245 - 9256
Published: Oct. 30, 2023
The
ubiquity
of
airborne
germs
poses
a
significant
threat
to
human
respiratory
health,
as
demonstrated
by
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
and
since
outbreak
COVID-19,
masks
have
become
necessity.
However,
commercially
available
only
act
physical
barrier
do
not
effectively
kill
germs.
Therefore,
wearer
these
becomes
susceptible
secondary
infections
cross-infections.
Moreover,
widespread
use
disposable
with
short
life
spans
has
placed
heavy
economic
environmental
burden
on
society.
Herein,
inspired
natural
tomato
trichomes,
an
on-demand,
simple
biomimetic
strategy
was
developed
impart
durability,
prolonged
service
life,
antimicrobial
antiviral
properties
commonly
used
using
polymer
brush
(PPDV)
coating.
PPDV
coating
designed
firmly
adhere
interfacial
fibers
(termed
HPDV-masks),
which
aided
in
achieving
outstanding
bacterial
inhibition
rates
(99.25%),
preventing
adhesion
(88.36%),
killing
virus
within
contact
time
3
min.
could
be
readily
wide
variety
improve
filtration
performance
aerosols
solid
particles.
Importantly,
HPDV
were
also
highly
durable
exhibited
long
retaining
their
efficiency
for
bacteria
after
10
cycles
exposure
showing
no
deterioration
over
1
month.
sustainable
fabrication
multifunctional
enhancements
herein
shows
great
potential
application
prospects
improving
performances
personal
protective
equipment
spread
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
32(4), P. 3605 - 3615
Published: July 4, 2023
Invasion
of
alien
plants
has
become
a
global
problem,
and
antibiotics,
new
pollutant,
have
received
widespread
attention.We
hypothesized
that
different
concentration
levels
Levofloxacin
hydrochloride
facilitate
physiological,
growth
antioxidant
system
responses
in
W.
trilobata
chinensis.The
toxicity
was
assessed
chinensis
through
chlorophyll,
system.Compared
with
single
species,
the
two
were
more
susceptible
to
influence
levofloxacin
when
mixed;
sand
culture,
affected
physiological
parameters
(leave
size,
number
leaves,
plant
height,
stem
length,
dry
weight
biomass).The
exogenous
addition
significantly
restricted
root
development
plants,
especially
case
hydroponics.Both
showed
prominent
oxidative
stress
characteristics
leaves
yellowed
withered,
as
well
on
photosynthesis
system.SOD
presents
trends
under
experiment
units.CAT
activity
significant
decrease
all
treatment
groups.No
difference
observed
POD
between
both
culture
conditions,
it
increased
after
application.Overall,our
results
revealed
invasive
adapted
against
better
system,
which
strengthens
biological
invasion
process.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(8), P. e18302 - e18302
Published: July 21, 2023
The
spread
of
multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis
(MDR-TB)
is
a
serious
public
health
issue,
particularly
in
developing
nations.
current
methods
monitoring
drug-resistant
TB
(DR-TB)
using
clinical
diagnoses
and
hospital
records
are
insufficient
due
to
limited
healthcare
access
underreporting.
This
study
proposes
Wastewater-Based
Epidemiology
(WBE)
monitor
DR-TB
six
African
countries
(Ghana,
Nigeria,
Kenya,
Uganda,
Cameroon,
South
Africa)
examines
the
impact
treated
wastewater
on
genes
environment.
Using
droplet-digital
polymerase
chain
reaction
(ddPCR),
evaluated
untreated
samples
selected
for
surveillance.
There
was
statistically
significant
difference
concentrations
conferring
resistance
drugs
from
(p-value<0.05);
exhibited
highest
4.3(±2,77),
4.8(±2.96),
4.4(±3,10)
4.7(±3,39)
log
copies/ml
first-line
(
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
183, P. 108377 - 108377
Published: Dec. 9, 2023
Antibiotic
resistance
genes
(ARGs)
are
widespread
environmental
pollutants
of
biological
origin
that
pose
a
significant
threat
to
human,
animal,
and
plant
health,
as
well
ecosystems.
ARGs
found
in
soil,
water,
air,
waste,
several
pathways
for
global
dissemination
the
environment
have
been
described.
However,
studies
on
airborne
ARG
transport
through
atmospheric
particles
limited.
The
microorganisms
inhabiting
an
referred
"resistome".
A
search
was
conducted
air-resistome
by
retrieving
bioaerosol
ARG-related
papers
published
last
30
years
from
PubMed.
We
there
is
no
dedicated
methodology
isolating
bioaerosols;
instead,
conventional
methods
microbial
culture
metagenomic
analysis
used
combination
with
standard
aerosol
sampling
techniques.
There
dearth
information
resistomes
freshwater
environments
their
impact
sources
drinking
recreational
activities.
More
aerobiome
needed
ensure
safe
use
water
sanitation.
In
this
review
we
outline
synthesize
few
address
air
microbiome
(from
tap
bathroom
showers,
rivers,
lakes,
swimming
pools)
resistomes,
likely
impacts
waters.
also
discuss
current
knowledge
gaps
resistome.
This
will
stimulate
new
investigations
microbiome,
particularly
areas
where
both
quality
public
health
concern.
Atmosphere,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(9), P. 1373 - 1373
Published: Aug. 26, 2022
Indoor
microbes
are
readily
transmitted
among
humans
in
indoor
environments.
Therefore,
this
study
employed
16S
rRNA
gene
and
ITS
amplicon
profiling
to
investigate
the
dust-associated
bacterial
fungal
communities
six
facilities
Busan,
South
Korea.
The
collected
samples
were
categorized
into
two
groups:
multiple-use
(MUFs),
including
a
public
bathing
facility,
business
office,
food
court;
transportation
(PTFs),
subway
stations
an
airport.
diversity
MUF
was
significantly
higher
than
(p
<
0.05).
However,
no
significant
differences
between
observed
PTF
>
Moreover,
abundances
of
certain
microbial
taxa
varied,
suggesting
that
community
structure
primarily
determined
by
source
environment.
Gram-positive
genera,
such
as
Corynebacterium,
Kocuria,
Staphylococcus—all
which
originated
natural
environment—were
relatively
predominant
samples;
Aspergillus,
Penicillium,
Malassezia
human
commensal
taxa,
more
samples.
These
results
suggest
different
can
be
formed
depending
on
purpose
facility
type,
level
passenger
traffic,
surrounding
findings
may
help
researchers
understand
multi-use
facilities.