Optimization of Toxicity, Biodegradability, and Skin Irritation in Formulations Containing Mixtures of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants Combined with Silica Nanoparticles

Toxics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 43 - 43

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Surfactants play a crucial role in various industrial applications, including detergents and personal care products. However, their widespread use raises concerns due to potential environmental impact health risks, particularly aquatic ecosystems, where they can disrupt the balance of marine life accumulate water sources, posing challenges sustainable development. This study investigates implications anionic nonionic surfactants, focusing on toxicity, biodegradation, skin irritation profiles, especially when combined with silica nanoparticles. Toxicity assessments were conducted using bacteria Vibrio fischeri for toxicity Lepidium sativum seeds terrestrial plant effects, revealing that individual surfactants like alkyl ether carboxylic acid EC-R12-14E3 exhibit high levels, while fatty-alcohol ethoxylate FAE-R12-14E11 shows comparatively lower impact. The surfactant mixtures was analysed, both antagonistic synergistic effects depending used. addition nanoparticles generally mitigates overall whether used individually or mixtures. Biodegradation studies followed OECD 301E 301F guidelines, indicating meet approach mineralization threshold, whereas reduced biodegradation efficacy. Potential predicted through zein number (ZN), finding some combinations reduce highlighting safer formulation products come into direct contact skin. Overall, findings emphasize need careful selection nanoparticle integration minimize increase biodegradability.

Language: Английский

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Energy-related contaminants in subterranean waterbodies: The role of geocolloids on facilitated and hindered transport

Next Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100094 - 100094

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Approaches for the preparation and evaluation of hydrophilic polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate microplastic particles suited for toxicological effect studies

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

Abstract When performing effect studies to investigate the impact of microplastic (MP) on cell lines, algae, or daphnia, it is advantageous if such experiments can be performed without use surfactants. The need for surfactants arises from fact that finely milled pristine MP particles generally are hydrophobic. Methods preparation larger amounts hydrophilic and hence artificially aged approaches their characterization high importance. Here we present methods age polyethylene terephthalate (PET) low-density (PE) using alkaline acidic treatments reproducibly result in large quantities below 5 µm with considerably increased hydrophilicity. were characterized particle counting by single-particle extinction scattering (SPES), size laser diffraction measurements, zeta potential electrophoretic light scattering, hydrophobicity index (Hy) through dark-field (DF) microscopy, chemical composition inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Raman microscopy. values obtained should allow as qualitative reference materials (RMs) an ordinal property. Evidence maintained integrity hydrophilicity (in powder form) over time was measurements a 33-month interval. Uniformity subsampling respect number concentration suspensions within 10-day period also investigated. It provided evidence possibility reproducible spiking specific relative standard deviations (RSDs) 6.2 13.6%. For development future microplastics, they property (artificial Hy-index) nominal (identity PET PE based spectral matching). Graphical

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic Insights into Surfactant-Induced Transformation of Chromium-bearing Schwertmannite and Chromate Redistribution during Dissolution and Recrystallization

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 137360 - 137360

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Pore-scale visualization of LNAPL displacement by chemical agents in heterogeneous groundwater system

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 967, P. 178809 - 178809

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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