Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 24, 2024
Abstract
Background
Paraquat
has
been
one
of
the
most
widely
used
herbicides
in
world,
despite
its
high
human
toxicity
and
overwhelming
evidence
associated
morbidity
mortality.
Due
to
significant
public
health
implications
from
paraquat’s
use,
there
have
calls
severely
restrict
or
ban
it
many
countries.
In
this
paper,
we
aim
investigate
regulatory
status
paraquat
on
national,
regional,
international
levels,
discuss
successes
challenges
implementation,
assess
impact
regulation
incidence
poisonings
deaths.
Methods
We
conducted
a
systematic
review
articles
regulations
related
herbicide
paraquat.
The
concentrated
interventions
mitigate
negative
use.
also
region-wise
country-wise
searches
complement
our
findings.
collected
information
restrictions,
aspects
implementation.
Results
At
least
74
countries
do
not
authorize
their
markets,
with
bans,
phase-outs,
withdrawals
market.
National
regional
bans
phase-outs
were
effective
reducing
Restrictions
use
application
paraquat,
however,
did
always
result
reduction
poisoning
suicide
mortality,
introduced
after
restrictions
proved
ineffective.
Conclusion
Our
highlights
several
elements
important
for
success
implementation
regulations,
reductions
harm
no
effect
agriculture.
It
is
now
time
that
authorities
pay
attention
scientific
put
people’s
life
ahead
economic
business
considerations
regulating
Its
should
be
replaced
by
other
methods
weed
control.
This
priority.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(8), P. e0309525 - e0309525
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
Stenotrophomonas
maltophilia,
a
ubiquitous
environmental
bacterium,
is
an
important
cause
of
nosocomial
infections.
Although
banned
in
some
countries,
paraquat
(PQ)
commonly
used
to
control
weeds.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
the
effects
increasing
concentrations
PQ
on
S.
maltophilia
and
its
antimicrobial
resistance.
The
sequential
exposure
K279a
induces
formation
strains
with
increased
resistance
PQ.
Among
400
PQ-resistant
isolates
tested,
70
clones
were
resistant
16
μg/ml
ciprofloxacin
(CIP),
around
18%
PQ/CIP-resistant
showed
all
tested
antimicrobials
including,
aminoglycosides,
quinolones,
cephalosporin,
chloramphenicol,
co-trimoxazole.
results
expression
analysis
genes
five
selected
demonstrated
high
encoding
efflux
pumps
(smeYZ,
smaAB,
smaCDEF,
smeDEF,
smeVWX,
smtcrA)
enzymes
aph(3')-IIc,
blaL1,
blaL2.
However,
known
for
(i.e.,
mfsA
sod)
not
altered
relative
wild-type
levels.
Whole
genome
sequence
identified
gene
mutations
that
could
account
resistance,
namely,
smeT
(TetR
family
regulatory
protein),
rplA
(ribosomal
protein
L1),
acnA
(aconitase
A).
Ectopic
AcnA
partially
complemented
fluoroquinolone-resistant
phenotype
mutant
mutated
acnA,
which
suggests
role
aconitase
A
susceptibility.
Exposure
thus
development
increase
multiple
antimicrobials.
Toxics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(9), P. 675 - 675
Published: Sept. 16, 2024
The
herbicide
paraquat
(PQ)
is
responsible
for
a
significant
number
of
fatalities
resulting
from
self-poisoning.
Nevertheless,
only
limited
comprehensive
studies
focusing
on
fatal
PQ
poisoning,
which
include
examination
autopsy
findings,
histopathology,
and
quantitative
analysis
post-mortem
samples,
have
been
published.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
in
human
serum
samples
using
liquid
chromatography-tandem
mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS),
simple,
sensitive,
specific
method.
Autopsies
were
performed
all
deaths
due
sent
the
toxicology
laboratory
chemical
analysis.
method
was
successfully
applied
seven
results
indicate
its
reliability
detecting
PQ.
reports
levels
ranging
0.5
372.0
µg/mL.
data
presented
this
can
be
useful
further
research
practical
applications.
