Tracking the spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater chemistry in the Quaternary aquifer system of Debrecen area, Hungary: integration of classical and unsupervised learning methods
Environmental Science and Pollution Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 1, 2025
Abstract
Monitoring
changes
in
groundwater
quality
over
time
helps
identify
time-dependent
factors
influencing
water
safety
and
supports
the
development
of
effective
management
strategies.
This
study
investigates
spatiotemporal
evolution
chemistry
Debrecen
area,
Hungary,
from
2019
to
2024,
using
indexing,
machine
learning,
multivariate
statistical
techniques.
These
techniques
include
self-organizing
maps
(SOM),
hierarchical
cluster
analysis
(HCA),
principal
component
(PCA),
indexing
(GWQI).
The
hydrochemical
revealed
that
Ca-Mg-HCO₃
is
dominant
type,
with
a
temporal
shift
toward
Na-HCO₃,
reflecting
increased
salinity
driven
by
ongoing
rock-water
interactions.
SOM
showed
transition
heterogeneous
more
uniform
time,
suggesting
greater
stability
aquifer
system.
Elevated
zones
shifted
spatially
due
recharge
flow
patterns,
while
hardness
intensified
expanded,
indicating
continued
carbonate
dissolution.
HCA
highlighted
shifts
composition,
six
clusters
identified
five
gradual
homogenization
quality.
PCA
further
confirmed
this
trend,
linking
it
underlying
processes,
such
as
water–rock
interactions,
limited
contributions
anthropogenic
influences.
GWQI
indicated
general
improvement
most
regions
meeting
drinking
standards.
However,
specific
areas
exhibited
signs
localized
contamination,
requiring
targeted
management.
findings
underscore
importance
continuous
monitoring
detect
emerging
trends
guide
resource
highlights
need
for
sustainable
practices
safeguard
resources
ensure
long-term
security
area.
Language: Английский
Integrating Unsupervised Machine Learning, Statistical Analysis, and Monte Carlo Simulation to Assess Toxic Metal Contamination and Salinization in Non-Rechargeable Aquifers
Results in Engineering,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 104989 - 104989
Published: April 1, 2025
Language: Английский