Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2(1)
Published: April 22, 2025
Abstract
Pile
foundations
frequently
encounter
lateral
loads
originating
from
various
hazards.
These
types
of
are
commonly
utilized
in
structures
like
bridges,
retaining
walls,
and
high-rise
buildings.
Analyzing
laterally
loaded
piles
presents
a
complex
geotechnical
problem
that
entails
considering
multiple
interrelated
design
factors.
It
requires
accounting
for
structural
bending
behavior,
soil–structure
interaction,
soil
nonlinearity,
optimizing
cost-effectiveness.
In
this
paper,
the
used
approach
beam
on
nonlinear
Winkler
foundation
is
developed.
This
methodology
involves
representing
pile
using
one-dimensional
finite
elements
vertical
direction,
incorporating
stiffness.
Additionally,
deformation
determined
empirically
derived
P
-
y
curves,
which
obtained
full-scale
field
tests.
By
combining
stiffness
with
full
interaction
between
surrounding
soil,
complete
matrix
single
formed,
leading
to
reduction
number
equations
need
be
solved.
Both
Euler
Timoshenko
beams
considered,
analysis
conducted
both
difference
methods.
The
proposed
hybrid
validated
by
comparing
its
results
analyzing
multi-layered
profiles
those
different
models
existing
literature
available
measurements.
well-known
software
ELPLA
equipped
technique.
Furthermore,
parametric
study
investigates
behavior
pipe
soft
stiff
clay,
culminating
presentation
dimensionless
curves
study.
International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(8), P. 1019 - 1036
Published: July 18, 2023
Hard
rock
pillar
is
one
of
the
important
structures
in
engineering
design
and
excavation
underground
mines.
Accurate
convenient
prediction
stability
great
significance
for
space
safety.
This
paper
aims
to
develop
hybrid
support
vector
machine
(SVM)
models
improved
by
three
metaheuristic
algorithms
known
as
grey
wolf
optimizer
(GWO),
whale
optimization
algorithm
(WOA)
sparrow
search
(SSA)
predicting
hard
stability.
An
integrated
dataset
containing
306
pillars
was
established
generate
SVM
models.
Five
parameters
including
height,
width,
ratio
width
uniaxial
compressive
strength
stress
were
set
input
parameters.
Two
global
indices,
local
indices
receiver
operating
characteristic
(ROC)
curve
with
area
under
ROC
(AUC)
utilized
evaluate
all
models'
performance.
The
results
confirmed
that
SSA-SVM
model
best
highest
values
indices.
Nevertheless,
performance
unstable
(AUC:
0.899)
not
good
those
stable
0.975)
failed
0.990).
To
verify
effectiveness
proposed
models,
5
field
cases
investigated
a
metal
mine
other
collected
from
several
published
works.
validation
indicated
obtained
considerable
accuracy,
which
means
combination
feasible
approach
predict
Applied Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 2574 - 2574
Published: Feb. 16, 2023
Construction-induced
ground
settlement
is
a
serious
hazard
in
underground
tunnel
construction.
Accurate
prediction
has
great
significance
ensuring
the
surface
building’s
stability
and
human
safety.
To
that
end,
148
sets
of
data
were
collected
from
Singapore
Circle
Line
rail
traffic
project
containing
seven
defining
parameters
to
create
database
for
predicting
settlement.
These
are
depth
(H),
advance
rate
(AR),
EPB
earth
pressure
(EP),
mean
SPTN
value
soil
crown
(Sm),
water
content
layer
(MC),
modulus
elasticity
(E),
grout
used
injecting
into
tail
void
(GP).
Three
hybrid
models
consisting
random
forest
(RF)
three
types
meta-heuristics,
Ant
Lion
Optimizier
(ALO),
Multi-Verse
Optimizer
(MVO),
Grasshopper
Optimization
Algorithm
(GOA),
developed
predict
Furthermore,
absolute
error
(MAE),
percentage
(MAPE),
coefficient
determination
(R2)
root
square
(RMSE)
assess
predictive
performance
constructed
The
evaluation
results
demonstrated
GOA-RF
with
population
size
10
achieved
most
outstanding
capability
indices
MAE
(Training
set:
2.8224;
Test
2.3507),
MAPE
40.5629;
38.5637),
R2
0.9487;
0.9282),
RMSE
4.93;
3.1576).
Finally,
sensitivity
analysis
indicated
MC,
AR,
Sm,
GP
have
significant
impact
on
based
model.
