Outcomes associated with nonmedical cannabis legalization policy in Canada: taking stock at the 5-year mark

Canadian Medical Association Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 195(39), P. E1351 - E1353

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

KEY POINTS In October 2018, Canada was the first G-20 nation to implement legalization of nonmedical cannabis use and supply for adults.[1][1] Cannabis in had primary objectives improving cannabis-related public health safety; reducing youth access cannabis;

Language: Английский

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Cannabis legalization: a call for the integration of main health and crime indicator domains towards comprehensive policy impact assessments

Journal of Public Health Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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The adverse public health effects of non-medical cannabis legalisation in Canada and the USA

The Lancet Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e148 - e159

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

SummaryCannabis consumption is legally prohibited in most countries the world. Several are legalising cannabis for adult consumption. It important to monitor public health effects of these policy changes. In this paper, we summarise evidence date on legalisation non-medical use Canada and USA. We describe regulatory models legalisation, changes products pricing, illicit market, use, cannabis-related physical mental harms. discuss challenges assessing outcomes emphasise importance continuous rigorous monitoring adverse inform design policies regulations.

Language: Английский

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The ‘ban’ for public health that wasn't? Views and impressions on cannabis retail promotion/advertising realities amidst legalization policy in Canada

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 131, P. 104294 - 104294

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cannabis and psychopathology: 2024 Snapshot of a meandering journey

Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 67(3), P. 283 - 302

Published: March 1, 2025

Background: Cannabis has been associated with psychopathology since ancient times, but controversies continue despite important advances in the field. This article is fourth one our decadal series of review articles that have providing an update snapshot meandering journey research findings this area. Aims: narrative a comprehensive literature search over past 10 years aims to provide and current understanding, while raising unanswered questions for future, focusing on following areas: (a) nosological changes cannabis-related psychiatric syndromes; (b) newer category synthetic cannabinoids; (c) cannabis withdrawal syndrome); (d) psychosis; (e) mood disorders; (f) suicidality; (g) prenatal use offspring; (h) effect recent liberal policy overhaul control certain countries/areas adverse outcomes; (i) cognition; (j) cannabis, psychopathology, genetics. Methods: The data strategies involved combination electronic databases manual hand-searching relevant publications cross-references using selected terms. primary focused Medline PubMed Central extended such as Google Scholar, PsychINFO, Scopus, Ovid specific sections. Key references identified through searches provided additional material. Inclusion criteria spanned studies published between January 2014 June 2024, more emphasis placed (post-2020) ensuring historical coverage. Results: aimed be comprehensive, including broad range without strict methodological exclusions. Strengths limitations cited are discussed when applicable, maintaining consistency three prior reviews. We syndromes, human (rather than animal) studies, applied basic) research. only reference not entire area because would beyond scope article. There updates all areas covered. syndromal entities ICD-11, which also includes cannabinoids first time. syndrome better characterized. association psychosis robustly established especially very high-potency vulnerable populations, particularly young people. Work progress elucidating causal mechanisms. links disorders well suicidality cognitive impairment characterized, though remain. Recent liberalizing policies produced accidental (with deleterious effects offspring) later (mixed findings, documented increase emergency visits related use). will require active monitoring new data. Conclusion: field continues collect settle some old questions, address view wide worldwide its implications public health.

Language: Английский

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Getting “The whole picture”: A review of international research on the outcomes of regulated cannabis supply

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 104796 - 104796

Published: May 19, 2025

Several jurisdictions have pursued reforms that regulate cannabis production and/or sale for adult (non-medical) use. Looking at outcomes of such across multiple may help to identify are inherent non-criminal supply, as well provide insight into the specific regulation models. We identified nine indicators policy and aggregated them three domains (social outcomes, in use, health-related outcomes). assessed these five with different models regulating supply (Netherlands, Spain, U.S. states legalized cannabis, Uruguay, Canada). used a three-level systematic literature review, prioritising studies quasi-experimental design (i.e. comparative longitudinal). categorised according their type outcome (increase, decrease, or no outcome). Across long-standing recent regimes, our review common outcomes: decrease cannabis-related arrests, an increase (but not adolescent) healthcare utilization (not traffic-related). Negative were most consistently found legalised non-medicinal use (there limitations nuancing states). In remaining (the Netherlands, Canada, Uruguay), time-frame was limited, on certain lacking. Regulating be associated benefits social area potential harms regarding public health; there though trade-offs depending choice model. Jurisdictions attempt mix match present achieve best ratio harms. More research parameters influencing is needed.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the role of primary regulation differences for cannabis legalization outcomes – preliminary data from two Canadian provinces

Drugs Education Prevention and Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 7

Published: April 5, 2024

Background: Cannabis legalization policy is increasingly implemented to improve public health and safety outcomes, including in Canada (since 2018). Main outcome assessments have primarily focused on categorical (e.g. pre-/post-) reform effects, while differential regulation frameworks been less considered. For this, provides a rich ecology where provinces diversely define many parameters under the federal umbrella, with Alberta Quebec as respectively least most tightly regulated provincial units.Methods: Based basic, targeted search, we identified summarized key publicly available, cross-sectional indicator data for primary socio-legal post-legalization outcomes Quebec.Results: Data suggested substantial inter-provincial differences cannabis use among adults youth) legal sourcing levels, select use-related risks/harm cannabis-impaired driving, cannabis-related motor-vehicle-crashes). Other specific poisonings, home-cultivation) showed that may plausibly relate distinct frameworks.Discussion: While possible ecological or independent effects exist, exploratory suggest different regulatory influence legalization-related and/or outcomes. Related differentials should be systematically examined causal associations regulations towards informing evidence-based development.

Language: Английский

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Primary crime-related outcome indicators associated with recreational cannabis legalization: a comprehensive literature and data review

Crime Law and Social Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82(3), P. 685 - 715

Published: July 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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How to interpret studies on the impact of legalizing cannabis

Addiction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 118(11), P. 2242 - 2243

Published: Aug. 6, 2023

We appreciate the systematic review of cannabis legalization’s impacts in Canada by Hall et al. [1], whose content overlaps that a previous [2]. Summaries ever-growing legalization evidence base are important for both researchers and policymakers. For example, Germany’s Health Ministry asked us to literature inform country’s legislative planning. After surveying 164 studies from Canada, Uruguay United States [3], our conclusions were similar those However, we wish highlight three points merit greater consideration future research. First, before legalization, use had already been increasing years [4]. Cannabis prevalence cannabis-related emergency department visits Ontario rising 2018’s [5, 6], there apparent changes alcohol sales after medical usage expanded 2015 [7]. This means any results simple before-and-after comparisons should be interpreted with great caution. therefore recommend post-legalization account pre-legalization trends appropriately identified control groups avoid overstating impacts. could conducted, estimating prior predicting out then comparing them actual [8]. Secondly, it took time Canada’s new legal market establish itself: store counts grew every year [9], as did consumers’ willingness disclose [10]. researchers’ time-frames greatly affect their likelihood detecting effects reviews not give same weight of, first covering 3. when compared fewer than 2 data more 2, latter provided much clearer indications increased consumption health outcomes [3]. other place emphasis on longer-term post-treatment study designs. Thirdly, although legalized nation-wide, meaningful implementation differences among its 13 provinces territories regarding retailing (e.g. government-owned versus business), public smoking allowed banned) products allowed. These have subsequently seen outcomes. hospitalizations poisonings children overall but increases differed according degree commercialization product types sold [11]. academics policymakers, interjurisdictional at least interesting national averages. pay attention this heterogeneity all these reasons, is treat complex process, rather an instantaneous binary intervention. Where quality permits, increasingly past societal trends, ongoing maturation differences. Researchers also complement survey-based methods, such analysis work-place toxicological tests [12] or wastewater [13]. Jakob Manthey: Conceptualization (lead); writing—original draft writing—review editing (equal). Michael J. Armstrong: (supporting); (lead). Tobias Hayer: (supporting). Daniel T. Myran: Rosalie Liccardo Pacula: Rosario Queirolo: Jürgen Rehm: Marielle Wirth: Writing—review (support); Frank Zobel: None. Open Access funding enabled organized Projekt DEAL. J.M. has worked consultant received honoraria agencies. All authors do declare conflicts interest. Not applicable.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Social Clubs in Contemporary Legalization Reforms: Talking Consumption Sites and Social Justice

Clinical Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 551 - 559

Published: June 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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