More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 146 - 169

Published: March 15, 2018

Stress can influence health throughout the lifespan, yet there is little agreement about what types and aspects of stress matter most for human disease. This in part because “stress” not a monolithic concept but rather, an emergent process that involves interactions between individual environmental factors, historical current events, allostatic states, psychological physiological reactivity. Many these processes alone have been labeled as “stress.” science would be further advanced if researchers adopted common conceptual model incorporates epidemiological, affective, psychophysiological perspectives, with more precise language describing measures. We articulate integrative working model, highlighting how stressor exposures across life course habitual responding reactivity, behaviors interact stress. offer Typology articulating timescales measurement – acute, event-based, daily, chronic dimensions measurement.

Language: Английский

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Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Consequences on Neurobiological, Psychosocial, and Somatic Conditions Across the Lifespan

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 4, 2018

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) such as sexual and physical abuse or neglect are frequent in constitute a massive stressor with long-lasting adverse effects on the brain, mental health. The aim of this qualitative review is to present concise overview literature impact ACE neurobiology, somatic health later adulthood. Methods: authors reviewed existing adulthood summarized results for overview. Results: In adulthood, history can result complex clinical profiles several co-occurring disorders posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, borderline personality obesity diabetes. Although general effect development neural alterations be assumed, role type timing particular interest terms prevention treatment ACE-related conditions. It has been suggested that during certain vulnerable developmental phases risk subsequent increased. Moreover, emerging evidence points sensitive periods specificity ACE-subtypes neurobiological alterations, e.g., volumetric functional changes amygdala hippocampus. Conclusion: Longitudinal studies needed investigate characteristics mechanisms relevant by integrating state art knowledge methods. By identifying validating psychosocial factors diagnostic markers one might improve innovative psychological options individuals suffering from disorders.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 8, 2019

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be referred to by other terms (e.g., early life adversity or stress and trauma) have a lifelong impact on mental physical health. For example, ACEs been associated with post-traumatic disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, diabetes cardiovascular disease. The heritability of ACE-related phenotypes such as PTSD, depression resilience is low moderate, and, moreover, very variable for given phenotype, which implies that gene environment interactions (such through epigenetic modifications) might involved in the onset these phenotypes. Currently, there increasing interest investigation contributions ACE-induced differential health outcomes. Although are number studies this field, still research gaps. In review, basic concept modifications methylation) function hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response outlined. Examples specific genes undergoing methylation association outcomes provided. Limitations e.g., uncertain clinical diagnosis, conceptual inconsistencies, technical drawbacks reviewed, suggestions advances using new technologies novel directions. We thereby provide platform field build.

Language: Английский

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Amygdala Circuit Substrates for Stress Adaptation and Adversity

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 89(9), P. 847 - 856

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

Brain systems that promote maintenance of homeostasis in the face stress have significant adaptive value. A growing body work across species demonstrates a critical role for amygdala promoting by regulating physiological and behavioral responses to stress. This review focuses on an emerging evidence has begun delineate contribution specific long-range circuits mediating effects After summarizing major anatomical features its connectivity other limbic structures, we discuss recent findings from rodents showing how causes structural functional remodeling neuronal outputs defined cortical subcortical target regions. We also consider some environmental genetic factors been found moderate responds relate preclinical literature current understanding pathophysiology treatment stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Future effort translate these clinics may help develop valuable tools prevention, diagnosis, diseases.

Language: Английский

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Neuroimaging of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults and youth: progress over the last decade on three leading questions of the field

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 3223 - 3244

Published: April 17, 2024

Almost three decades have passed since the first posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) neuroimaging study was published. Since then, field of clinical neuroscience has made advancements in understanding neural correlates PTSD to create more efficacious treatment strategies. While gold-standard psychotherapy options are available, many patients do not respond them, prematurely drop out, or never initiate treatment. Therefore, elucidating neurobiological mechanisms that define can help guide clinician decision-making and develop individualized mechanisms-based options. To this end, narrative review highlights progress last decade adult youth samples on outstanding questions research: (1) Which alterations serve as predisposing (pre-exposure) risk factors for development, which acquired (post-exposure) alterations? (2) predict outcomes improvement? (3) Can measures be used brain-based biotypes PTSD? studies highlighted answering questions, still much before implementing these findings into practice. Overall, better answer we suggest future should (A) utilize prospective longitudinal designs, collecting brain experiencing trauma at multiple follow-up time points post-trauma, taking advantage multi-site collaborations/consortiums; (B) collect two scans explore changes from pre-to-post compare activation between groups, including follow up assessments; (C) replicate PTSD. By synthesizing recent findings, will pave way personalized approaches grounded evidence.

Language: Английский

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Neuroimaging Correlates of Resilience to Traumatic Events—A Comprehensive Review

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 12, 2018

Improved understanding of the neurobiological correlates resilience would be an important step towards recognizing individuals at risk developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other trauma-related diseases, enabling both preventative measures and individually tailored therapeutic approaches. Studies on vulnerability factors allow drawing conclusions resilience. Structural changes cortical subcortical structures, as well alterations in functional connectivity activity, have been demonstrated to occur with PTSD symptoms. Relevant areas interest are hippocampus, amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal related brain networks, such default-mode, salience, central executive network. This review summarizes existing literature integrates findings from cross-sectional study designs two-group (trauma exposed without PTSD), three-group (with additional group unexposed, healthy controls), twin-studies longitudinal studies. In terms structural findings, decreased hippocampal volume might either a factor result trauma exposure, both. Reduced cortex volumes seem predisposing for increased vulnerability. Regarding connectivity, amygdala has selectively individuals, default-mode-network salience network connectivity. activities, activity response external stimuli associated higher Increased seemed protective factor. Selecting adequate designs, optimizing diagnostic criteria, differentiating between types accounting gender-specific differences, served future research. Conclusions potential measures, clinical applications, can drawn present literature, but more studies needed.

Language: Английский

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Functional Neuroimaging in PTSD: From Discovery of Underlying Mechanisms to Addressing Diagnostic Heterogeneity

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 178(2), P. 128 - 135

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal changes in within-salience network functional connectivity mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect, and mental health during adolescence

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 53(4), P. 1552 - 1564

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of childhood maltreatment is vital given consistent links with poor mental health. Dimensional models adversity purport that different types likely have distinct consequences. Adolescence a key developmental period, during which deviations from normative neurodevelopment may particular relevance for However, longitudinal work examining between forms maltreatment, neurodevelopment, and health limited.In present study, we explored associations abuse, neglect, development within-network functional connectivity salience (SN), default mode (DMN), executive control network in 142 community residing adolescents. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired at age 16 (T1; M = 16.46 years, s.d. 0.52, 66F) 19 (T2; mean follow-up period: 2.35 years). Mental also collected T1 T2. Childhood history was assessed prior to T1.Abuse neglect both found be associated increases within-SN 19. Further, there sex differences association changes within-DMN connectivity. Finally, mediate abuse/neglect lower problematic substance use higher depressive symptoms 19.Our findings suggest altered neurodevelopmental trajectories, processing linked risk resilience depression problems adolescence, respectively. Further needed understand outcomes abuse neglect.

Language: Английский

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Traces of Trauma: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Childhood Trauma, Brain Structure, and Clinical Phenotypes

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 88(11), P. 829 - 842

Published: May 26, 2020

Language: Английский

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Large-scale differences in functional organization of left- and right-handed individuals using whole-brain, data-driven analysis of connectivity

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 252, P. 119040 - 119040

Published: March 8, 2022

Handedness influences differences in lateralization of language areas as well dominance motor and somatosensory cortices. However, whole-brain functional connectivity (i.e., connectomes) due to handedness have been relatively understudied beyond pre-specified networks interest. Here, we compared connectomes left- right-handed individuals at the whole brain level. We explored previously established regions interest, showed between primarily motor, somatosensory, using connectivity. then proceeded investigate these found that are not specific but extend across every region brain. In particular, connections within cerebellum show distinct patterns To put effects into context, effect sizes associated with account for a similar amount individual connectome sex differences. Together results shed light on those traditionally contribute organization underscore neurobiologically meaningful addition being statistically significant.

Language: Английский

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