World Journal of Stem Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(12), P. 1002 - 1011
Published: Dec. 12, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
cell-to-cell
interaction
tools
that
attracting
increasing
interest
in
the
literature
two
opposing
areas.
In
addition
to
their
role
physiological
development,
there
is
growing
evidence
of
involvement
healing
and
protective
processes.
However,
EVs
also
mediate
pathological
conditions,
particularly
contributing
progression
several
chronic
diseases,
such
as
neurodegenerative
diseases.
On
other
hand,
form
core
a
new
therapeutic
strategy
for
neuroprotection,
which
based
on
administration
derived
from
wide
range
donor
cells.
particular,
possibility
obtaining
numerous
stem
cells
different
origins,
feasible
aims,
now
under
investigation.
this
review,
we
focused
could
have
propagative
detrimental
effect
or
be
exploited
deliver
factors.
This
review
explores
hypotheses
concerning
dual
EVs,
with
aim
shedding
light
following
question:
Can
used
fight
vesicle-propagated
diseases?
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
Exosomes
are
small
extracellular
vesicles
of
endocytic
origin
released
by
various
cell
types.
They
consist
lipid
bilayers
containing
macromolecules
such
as
lipids,
proteins,
microRNAs,
growth
factors,
cytokines,
and
carbohydrates.
play
a
critical
role
in
the
diagnosis
treatment
diseases.
For
instance,
exosome
contents
have
been
utilized
biomarkers
body
fluids
(urine,
saliva,
serum)
to
identify
cancers,
autoimmune
diseases,
inflammatory
conditions
sepsis.
Due
their
size
ability
reach
tumor
microenvironments,
exosomes
also
used
carriers
for
chemotherapeutic
drugs
drug
delivery
systems.
Furthermore,
evidence
indicates
that
malignant
cells
release
into
microenvironment,
influencing
immune
paracrine
manner.
Additionally,
cell-derived
exosomes,
those
from
Natural
Killer
(NK)
or
cytotoxic
T
lymphocytes
(CTLs),
show
potential
therapeutic
agents
treating
malignancies
like
leukemia.
This
review
discusses
diagnostic
hematological
explores
these
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Bone-related
diseases
impact
a
large
portion
of
the
global
population
and,
due
to
their
high
disability
rates
and
limited
treatment
options,
pose
significant
medical
economic
challenges.
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
can
differentiate
into
multiple
cell
types
offer
strong
regenerative
potential,
making
them
promising
for
treating
various
diseases.
However,
issues
with
immune
response
survival
limit
effectiveness
transplantation.
This
has
led
increased
interest
in
cell-free
therapy,
particularly
use
exosomes,
which
is
most
studied
form
this
approach.
Exosomes
are
extracellular
vesicles
that
contain
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids
play
key
role
communication
material
exchange.
Pyroptosis,
death
involved
innate
immunity,
also
associated
many
Studies
have
shown
MSC-derived
exosomes
therapeutic
potential
range
conditions
by
regulating
inflammation
pyroptosis.
study
explored
modulating
pyroptosis
improve
bone-related
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(6), P. 940 - 940
Published: March 10, 2025
Exosomes
have
emerged
as
pivotal
players
in
precision
oncology,
offering
innovative
solutions
to
longstanding
challenges
such
metastasis,
therapeutic
resistance,
and
immune
evasion.
These
nanoscale
extracellular
vesicles
facilitate
intercellular
communication
by
transferring
bioactive
molecules
that
mirror
the
biological
state
of
their
parent
cells,
positioning
them
transformative
tools
for
cancer
diagnostics
therapeutics.
Recent
advancements
exosome
engineering,
artificial
intelligence
(AI)-driven
analytics,
isolation
technologies
are
breaking
barriers
scalability,
reproducibility,
clinical
application.
Bioengineered
exosomes
being
leveraged
CRISPR-Cas9
delivery,
while
AI
models
enhancing
biomarker
discovery
liquid
biopsy
accuracy.
Despite
these
advancements,
key
obstacles
heterogeneity
populations
lack
standardized
protocols
persist.
This
review
synthesizes
pioneering
research
on
biology,
molecular
translation,
emphasizing
dual
roles
both
mediators
tumor
progression
intervention.
It
also
explores
emerging
areas,
including
microbiome–exosome
interactions
integration
machine
learning
exosome-based
medicine.
By
bridging
innovation
with
translational
strategies,
this
work
charts
a
forward-looking
path
integrating
into
next-generation
care,
setting
it
apart
comprehensive
guide
overcoming
technological
hurdles
rapidly
evolving
field.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Oct. 23, 2024
Osteoarthritis
(OA)
is
the
most
common
type
of
arthritis
characterized
by
progressive
cartilage
degradation,
with
its
pathogenesis
closely
related
to
chondrocyte
autophagy.
Chondrocytes
are
only
cells
in
articular
cartilage,
and
function
chondrocytes
plays
a
vital
role
maintaining
homeostasis.
Autophagy,
an
intracellular
degradation
system
that
regulates
energy
metabolism
cells,
incredibly
important
OA.
During
early
stages
OA,
autophagy
enhanced
chondrocytes,
acting
as
adaptive
mechanism
protect
them
from
various
environmental
changes.
However,
progress
gradually
decreases,
leading
accumulation
damaged
organelles
macromolecules
within
cell,
prompting
apoptosis.
Numerous
studies
have
shown
influenced
senescence
apoptosis
which
associated
reduced
The
relationship
between
autophagy,
senescence,
complex.
While
generally
believed
inhibit
cellular
promote
cell
survival,
recent
some
proteins
degraded
selective
secretion
senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype
(SASP)
or
increased
SA-β-Gal
activity
senescent
region
human
OA
cartilage.
Autophagy
activation
may
lead
different
outcomes
depending
on
timing,
duration,
activation.
Thus,
our
study
explored
complex
well
regulatory
molecules
signaling
pathways,
providing
new
insights
for
future
development
safe
effective
drugs
targeting
improve
Life,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 70 - 70
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
nanosized,
membrane-bound
structures
that
have
emerged
as
promising
tools
for
drug
delivery,
especially
in
the
treatment
of
lysosomal
storage
disorders
(LSDs)
with
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
involvement.
This
review
highlights
unique
properties
EVs,
such
their
biocompatibility,
capacity
to
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
and
potential
therapeutic
cargo
loading,
including
enzymes
genetic
material.
Current
therapies
LSDs,
like
enzyme
replacement
therapy
(ERT),
often
fail
address
neurological
symptoms
due
inability
BBB.
EVs
offer
a
viable
alternative,
allowing
targeted
delivery
CNS
improving
outcomes.
We
discuss
recent
advancements
engineering
modification
enhance
targeting,
circulation
time
stability,
provide
detailed
overview
application
Gaucher
Fabry
diseases,
Sanfilippo
syndrome.
Despite
potential,
challenges
remain
scaling
production,
ensuring
isolation
purity,
meeting
regulatory
requirements.
Future
developments
will
focus
on
overcoming
these
barriers,
paving
way
clinical
translation
EV-based
LSDs
other
disorders.
Molecular Medicine Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
31(3)
Published: Jan. 23, 2025
Exosomes
are
small
extracellular
vesicles
that
naturally
released
into
body
fluids
by
cells.
They
rich
in
bioactive
molecules
such
as
proteins.
Sphingosine
kinase
1
(SphK1)
is
an
important
potential
drug
target
for
the
treatment
of
cancer
due
to
its
functions
regulate
cell
migration,
growth,
apoptosis
and
angiogenesis.
Tumor
exosomes
abundantly
surround
primary
tumors,
exchanging
transferring
information
between
cells
modulating
progression.
Given
importance
exosomes,
involvement
exosomal
SphK1
from
colorectal
(CRC)
migration
these
activation
hepatic
stellate
was
investigated.
Firstly,
plasma
protein
expression,
tested
ELISA,
compared
patients
with
CRC
without
metastasis
those
liver
metastasis.
The
results
revealed
levels
were
significantly
upregulated
CRC.
Secondly,
different
expression
SphK1,
which
regulated
transfection,
isolated
evaluate
their
effect
on
E‑cadherin
vimentin
cells,
assessed
western
blotting.
demonstrated
depletion
partially
reversed
exosome‑induced
caused
decreased
increased
levels.
Thirdly,
effects
investigated,
α‑SMA,
TNF‑α
TGF‑β
blotting
LX‑2
Moreover,
AKT
phosphorylated
(p‑)AKT
also
activated
upregulating
p‑AKT,
this
effect.
Furthermore,
application
agonist
inhibition
activation,
induced
SphK1.
Finally,
investigation
viability,
analyzed
CCK‑8
assay,
assessment
PCNA
a
proliferation
marker,
blot,
culture
supernatant
promoted
viability
Overall,
regulating
p‑AKT.
This
suggests
may
serve
key
role
potentially
Cancer Cell International,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: April 15, 2025
Abstract
Brain
cancer
remains
a
significant
challenge
in
the
field
of
oncology,
primarily
because
its
aggressive
nature
and
limited
treatment
options
available.
Conventional
therapies
often
fall
short
effectively
targeting
tumor
cells,
while
sparing
healthy
brain
tissue
from
collateral
damage.
However,
exosomes
are
now
recognized
as
promising
nanocarriers
for
targeted
drug
delivery.
These
naturally
occurring
extracellular
vesicles
can
cross
blood–brain
barrier
selectively
interact
with
cells.
Utilizing
delivery
vehicles
offers
novel
approach
potential
therapy.
By
encapsulating
therapeutic
agents
within
exosomes,
drugs
be
specifically
to
maximizing
their
impact
whilst
minimizing
damage
tissue.
Furthermore,
modified
display
molecules
that
recognize
bind
further
enhancing
precision
efficacy.
While
exosome-based
show
potential,
scalability,
purification,
clinical
application
challenges
remain.
The
scalability
exosome
production,
modification
techniques
hurdle
must
overcome
translation.
Additionally,
intricate
interactions
between
microenvironment
necessitate
research
optimize
outcomes.
review
explores
applications
future
perspectives
advancing
treatment.
Advanced technology in neuroscience .,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 12, 2025
Currently,
treatments
such
as
stem
cell
transplantation,
gene
therapy,
and
anti-inflammatory
approaches
have
shown
some
promise
in
addressing
spinal
cord
injury.
However,
there
is
still
a
lack
of
more
effective
treatment
options.
Thus,
improved
strategies
are
needed
to
enhance
efficacy
promote
functional
recovery.
Exosome-based
therapy
has
emerged
promising
strategy
because
exosomes
can
deliver
bioactive
molecules,
modulate
inflammation,
tissue
regeneration.
This
review
highlights
recent
advancements
the
use
derived
from
various
types,
including
mesenchymal
cells
macrophages,
for
Exosomes
nanoscale
vesicles
secreted
by
that
involved
transporting
biomolecules,
regulating
intercellular
communication,
reducing
inflammatory
responses,
promoting
angiogenesis,
providing
neuroprotection.
The
article
discusses
diagnostic,
therapeutic,
prognostic
roles
exosomes,
along
with
administration
methods.
It
mechanisms
which
different
types
facilitate
injury
repair,
nerve
regeneration,
inhibiting
apoptosis,
an
antioxidant
stress
response.
Additionally,
emerging
techniques
engineered
targeted
delivery
systems
explored
therapeutic
specificity.
Although
exosome
faces
challenges,
need
standardized
preparation,
precise
delivery,
dose
optimization,
bioengineered
show
potential.
Overall,
exosome-based
technology
neuroscience
offers
new
perspectives
methods
treating
injury,
potential
improve
recovery
patients,
thereby
warranting
future
clinical
translation.
