Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 10, 2023
Abstract
C-X-C
Motif
Chemokine
Receptor
4
(CXCR4)
is
a
protein-coding
gene
that
regulates
the
transduction
of
various
downstream
signaling
cascades,
which
are
crucial
for
migration,
survival,
and
proliferation
cancerous
cells.
This
identified
as
one
highly
deregulated
genes
in
breast
cancer
patients.
The
main
theme
this
study
was
to
examine
expression
profile
prognostic
relevance
CXCR4
among
individuals
with
cancer.
We
examined
pattern,
immunological
relationship,
ontology,
well
pathway
involvement
(BC)
using
comprehensive
bioinformatic
approaches.
findings
our
indicate
significant
upregulation
BC
tissues,
specifically
TNBC.
Furthermore,
there
substantial
correlation
between
tumor
stroma,
regulatory
T
suggest
plays
role
advancement
tumors.
Therefore,
combined
approach
targeting
along
conventional
therapies
can
lead
improvement
therapeutic
response
patients
BC.
Intracellular
compartments
play
a
pivotal
role
in
cellular
function,
housing
diverse
organelles
that
contribute
to
essential
processes
such
as
protein
synthesis,
energy
production,
and
waste
disposal.
The
intricate
organization
of
these
creates
distinct
microenvironments
impact
responses
external
stimuli,
including
drug
exposure.
Understanding
the
interplay
between
intracellular
resistance
is
crucial
for
advancing
therapeutic
strategies.
One
prominent
example
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER),
multifunctional
organelle
involved
folding
lipid
synthesis.
ER's
underscored
by
its
participation
unfolded
response
(UPR),
stress
mechanism.
Drug-induced
ER
can
activate
UPR,
promoting
cell
survival
contributing
against
certain
chemotherapeutic
agents.
Likewise,
mitochondria's
involvement
multifaceted,
encompassing
alterations
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
generation,
apoptotic
signaling.
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
confer
apoptosis-inducing
drugs,
allowing
cancer
cells
evade
programmed
death.
Modulation
lysosomal
function
has
also
been
linked
various
anticancer
drugs.
Nuclear
compartments,
nucleolus
nuclear
envelope,
influencing
gene
expression
DNA
repair
mechanisms.
A
comprehensive
understanding
substantial
implications
development.
Targeting
specific
or
mechanisms
provides
promising
avenue
overcoming
treatment
challenges.
The
growing
field
of
cancer
research
has
revealed
the
complex
interaction
between
epigenetic
modifications
and
development
drug
resistance
in
response
to
chemotherapy.
A
heritable
alteration
gene
expression
that
is
unrelated
variations
sequence
nucleotides
known
as
regulation.
Histone
modification,
noncoding
RNA
regulation,
DNA
methylation
have
all
been
thoroughly
investigated
common
regulatory
mechanisms.
chapter
explores
molecular
intricacies
histone
modifications,
elucidating
their
influence
on
establishment
maintenance
various
types.
Epigenetic
alterations
not
only
serve
pathways
for
evolution
drug-resistant
phenotypes
but
also
emerge
potential
therapeutic
targets
overcoming
treatment
resistance.
By
understanding
functions
alterations,
researchers
can
uncover
novel
strategies
intervention.
Emphasizing
pivotal
roles
opens
new
avenues
targeted
interventions,
ultimately
paving
way
more
effective
personalized
therapies.
The
gut
microbiota
is
becoming
more
and
of
a
research
area
in
many
diseases,
including
cancer,
obesity,
diabetes,
brain
disease,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
cardiovascular
disease.
human
digestive
tract
contains
about
100
trillion
microorganisms.
Cancer
the
most
prevalent
malignancy
world.
likelihood
survival
can
be
increased
by
an
accurate,
early
diagnosis
necessary
medical
care.
Recent
studies
have
demonstrated
that
microbiome
has
impact
on
cancer.
Different
microbial
signatures
with
various
patterns
been
found
depending
stage
biological
subgroups.
In
shown
to
modulate
efficacy
anticancer
drugs.
changed
linked
resistance
immunological
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
chemotherapy
treatments,
whereas
addition
certain
species
bacteria
restore
responsiveness
medications.
Various
evidence
suggested
potential
manipulation
increase
effectiveness
this
book
chapter,
we
focused
population
its
relationship
cancer
therapy
resistance,
particular
emphasis
serve
as
biomarker
for
Despite
important
results
from
preclinical
models
patient
clinical
data,
deeper
comprehension
interactions
between
aids
identification
novel
strategies
prevention,
stratification
patients
effective
treatment,
reduction
treatment
complications.
This
review
describes
the
diverse
small
molecules
which
impair
different
ER
stress
sensors,
protein
degradation
machinery,
and
chaperones,
along
with
metal
complexes
other
compounds
inducing
through
multiple
mechanisms.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 10, 2023
Abstract
C-X-C
Motif
Chemokine
Receptor
4
(CXCR4)
is
a
protein-coding
gene
that
regulates
the
transduction
of
various
downstream
signaling
cascades,
which
are
crucial
for
migration,
survival,
and
proliferation
cancerous
cells.
This
identified
as
one
highly
deregulated
genes
in
breast
cancer
patients.
The
main
theme
this
study
was
to
examine
expression
profile
prognostic
relevance
CXCR4
among
individuals
with
cancer.
We
examined
pattern,
immunological
relationship,
ontology,
well
pathway
involvement
(BC)
using
comprehensive
bioinformatic
approaches.
findings
our
indicate
significant
upregulation
BC
tissues,
specifically
TNBC.
Furthermore,
there
substantial
correlation
between
tumor
stroma,
regulatory
T
suggest
plays
role
advancement
tumors.
Therefore,
combined
approach
targeting
along
conventional
therapies
can
lead
improvement
therapeutic
response
patients
BC.
