Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
33(48), P. 18880 - 18892
Published: Nov. 27, 2013
Prolonged
calpain
activation
is
widely
recognized
as
a
key
component
of
neurodegeneration
in
variety
pathological
conditions.
Numerous
reports
have
also
indicated
that
synaptic
NMDA
receptors
(NMDARs)
provides
neuroprotection
against
insults.
Here,
we
report
the
paradoxical
finding
such
involves
activation.
NMDAR
cultured
rat
cortical
neurons
was
neuroprotective
starvation
and
oxidative
stress-induced
damage.
It
resulted
degradation
two
splice
variants
PH
domain
Leucine-rich
repeat
Protein
Phosphatase
1
(PHLPP1),
PHLPP1α
PHLPP1β,
which
inhibit
Akt
ERK1/2
pathways.
Synaptic
NMDAR-induced
PHLPP1
were
blocked
by
inhibition.
Lentiviral
knockdown
mimicked
effects
occluded
inhibition
on
neuroprotection.
In
contrast
to
activation,
extrasynaptic
had
no
effect
pathways,
but
calpain-mediated
striatal-enriched
protein
tyrosine
phosphatase
(STEP)
neuronal
death.
Using
μ-calpain-
m-calpain-selective
inhibitors
μ-calpain
m-calpain
siRNAs,
found
μ-calpain-dependent
cleavage
involved
NMDAR-mediated
neuroprotection,
while
m-calpain-mediated
STEP
associated
with
neurotoxicity.
Furthermore,
reduced
knockout
exacerbated
NMDA-induced
neurotoxicity
acute
mouse
hippocampal
slices.
Thus,
NMDAR-coupled
neuroprotective,
neurodegenerative.
These
results
help
reconcile
number
contradictory
literature
critical
implications
for
understanding
potential
treatment
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
7(12), P. a006080 - a006080
Published: Dec. 1, 2015
Douglas
R.
Green
and
Fabien
Llambi
Department
of
Immunology,
St.
Jude
Children's
Research
Hospital,
Memphis,
Tennessee
38105
Correspondence:
douglas.green{at}stjude.org
The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
57(1), P. 535 - 565
Published: Nov. 18, 2016
Mitochondria
have
emerged
as
key
participants
in
and
regulators
of
myocardial
injury
during
ischemia
reperfusion.
This
review
examines
the
sites
damage
to
cardiac
mitochondria
focuses
on
impact
these
defects.
The
concept
that
mitochondrial
leads
reperfusion
is
addressed.
mechanisms
translate
ischemic
into
cellular
damage,
both
early
reperfusion,
are
examined.
Next,
we
discuss
strategies
modulate
counteract
mitochondrial-driven
injury.
new
not
merely
stochastic
oxidative
calcium-mediated
but
they
activate
responses
remodeling
reactions
balance
between
cell
death
recovery
reviewed,
therapeutic
implications
this
discussed.
Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
38(1), P. 6 - 23
Published: Dec. 19, 2012
Alzheimer
disease
is
the
most
prevalent
form
of
dementia
globally
and
characterized
premortem
by
a
gradual
memory
loss
deterioration
higher
cognitive
functions
postmortem
neuritic
plaques
containing
amyloid
ß
peptide
neurofibrillary
tangles
phospho-tau
protein.
Glutamate
abundant
neurotransmitter
in
brain
essential
to
formation
through
processes
such
as
long-term
potentiation
so
might
be
pivotal
progression.
This
review
discusses
how
glutamatergic
system
impaired
interactions
glutamate
influence
synaptic
function,
tau
phosphorylation
neurodegeneration.
Interestingly,
not
only
influences
production,
but
also
can
alter
levels
at
synapse,
indicating
that
small
changes
concentrations
both
molecules
could
Finally,
we
describe
receptor
antagonist,
memantine,
has
been
used
treatment
individuals
with
discuss
its
effectiveness.
Redox Biology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
14, P. 535 - 548
Published: Nov. 7, 2017
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
neurodegenerative
and
characterized
by
neurofibrillary
tangles
(NFTs)
composed
of
Tau
protein.
α-Lipoic
acid
(LA)
has
been
found
to
stabilize
cognitive
function
AD
patients,
animal
study
findings
have
confirmed
its
anti-amyloidogenic
properties.
However,
underlying
mechanisms
remain
unclear,
especially
with
respect
ability
LA
control
pathology
neuronal
damage.
Here,
we
that
supplementation
effectively
inhibited
hyperphosphorylation
at
several
AD-related
sites,
accompanied
reduced
decline
in
P301S
transgenic
mice.
Furthermore,
not
only
activity
calpain1,
which
associated
tauopathy
development
neurodegeneration
via
modulating
kinases,
but
also
significantly
decreased
calcium
content
brain
tissue
LA-treated
Next,
screened
for
various
modes
neural
cell
death
We
caspase-dependent
apoptosis
was
potently
inhibited,
whereas
autophagy
did
show
significant
changes
after
supplementation.
Interestingly,
Tau-induced
iron
overload,
lipid
peroxidation,
inflammation,
are
involved
ferroptosis,
were
blocked
administration.
These
results
provide
compelling
evidence
plays
a
role
inhibiting
loss,
including
through
pathways,
suggesting
may
be
potential
therapy
tauopathies.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: Jan. 1, 2013
Traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
results
in
significant
disability
due
to
cognitive
deficits
particularly
attention,
learning
and
memory
higher-order
executive
functions.
The
role
of
TBI
chronic
neurodegeneration
the
development
neurodegenerative
diseases
including
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
Amyotrophic
Lateral
Sclerosis
(ALS)
most
recently
traumatic
encephalopathy
(CTE)
is
particular
importance.
However,
despite
effort
very
few
therapeutic
options
exist
prevent
or
reverse
impairment
following
TBI.
In
this
review
we
present
experimental
evidence
known
secondary
mechanisms
which
contribute
neuronal
cell
loss,
axonal
synaptic
dysfunction
hence
both
acutely
chronically
focus
on
linking
two
forms
dementia:
AD
CTE.
We
provide
potential
molecular
involved
modulating
Aβ
Tau
these
pathology.
Additionally
propose
a
mechanism
by
generated
as
direct
result
capable
exacerbating
thereby
establishing
neurotoxic
cascade
that
leads
neurodegeneration.