Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: March 1, 2022
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
type
of
neurodevelopmental
that
has
been
diagnosed
in
an
increasing
number
children
around
the
world.
Existing
data
suggest
early
diagnosis
and
intervention
can
improve
ASD
outcomes.
However,
causes
remain
complex
unclear,
there
are
currently
no
clinical
biomarkers
for
autism
disorder.
More
mechanisms
have
found
with
development
advanced
technology
such
as
mass
spectrometry.
Many
recent
studies
link
between
elevated
oxidative
stress,
which
may
play
role
its
development.
caused
by
stress
several
ways,
including
protein
post-translational
changes
(e.g.,
carbonylation),
abnormal
metabolism
lipid
peroxidation),
toxic
buildup
[e.g.,
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)].
To
detect
ASD,
various
developed
employed.
This
article
summarizes
about
stress.
Potential
identified
this
study
could
be
used
evaluation
intervention,
well
to
inform
target
pharmacological
or
nutritional
treatment
interventions.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(6), P. 5487 - 5487
Published: March 13, 2023
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
neurodevelopmental
(NDD)
characterized
by
impairments
in
social
communication,
repetitive
behaviors,
restricted
interests,
and
hyperesthesia/hypesthesia
caused
genetic
and/or
environmental
factors.
In
recent
years,
inflammation
oxidative
stress
have
been
implicated
the
pathogenesis
of
ASD.
this
review,
we
discuss
pathophysiology
ASD,
particularly
focusing
on
maternal
immune
activation
(MIA).
MIA
one
common
risk
factors
for
onset
ASD
during
pregnancy.
It
induces
an
reaction
pregnant
mother’s
body,
resulting
further
placenta
fetal
brain.
These
negative
cause
developing
brain
subsequently
behavioral
symptoms
offspring.
addition,
also
effects
anti-inflammatory
drugs
antioxidants
basic
studies
animals
clinical
Our
review
provides
latest
findings
new
insights
into
involvements
Journal of Laboratory Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
47(1), P. 1 - 11
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Abstract
The
increase
in
the
formation
of
reactive
oxygen
and
nitrogen
species
endogenous
or
exogenous
origin
causes
oxidative
stress
due
to
pro-oxidant
antioxidant
imbalance
that
cellular
damage
metabolism.
This
can
inflammation
cells,
apoptosis
necrosis,
DNA
base
damage,
protein
cross-links,
lipid
membrane
peroxidation,
mitochondrial
dysfunction.
Antioxidants
be
described
as
a
system
protects
biomolecules
organism
against
harmful
effects
free
radicals,
reduces
repairs
done
by
(ROS)
target
molecule,
this
is
called
defense.
It
known
mechanisms
caused
ROS
resulting
from
are
positively
related
pathology
many
diseases
such
cancer,
metabolic
syndrome,
atherosclerosis,
malaria,
Alzheimer’s
disease,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
neurodegenerative
preeclampsia.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(19), P. 14959 - 14959
Published: Oct. 6, 2023
Manganese
(Mn)
is
an
essential
trace
element
with
unique
functions
in
the
body;
it
acts
as
a
cofactor
for
many
enzymes
involved
energy
metabolism,
endogenous
antioxidant
enzyme
systems,
neurotransmitter
production,
and
regulation
of
reproductive
hormones.
However,
overexposure
to
Mn
toxic,
particularly
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
due
causing
progressive
destruction
nerve
cells.
Exposure
manganese
widespread
occurs
by
inhalation,
ingestion,
or
dermal
contact.
Associations
have
been
observed
between
accumulation
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
manganism,
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
Huntington's
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
People
genetic
associated
mutation
gene
impaired
excretion,
kidney
iron
deficiency,
vegetarian
diet
are
at
particular
risk
excessive
exposure
Mn.
This
review
has
collected
data
on
current
knowledge
source
exposure,
experimental
supporting
dispersive
brain,
controversies
surrounding
reference
values
biomarkers
related
status
different
matrices,
competitiveness
other
metals,
(Fe),
magnesium
(Mg),
zinc
(Zn),
copper
(Cu),
lead
(Pb),
calcium
(Ca).
The
disturbed
homeostasis
body
connected
susceptibility
diseases,
fertility,
infectious
diseases.
evidence
involvement
metabolic
type
2
diabetes
mellitus/insulin
resistance,
osteoporosis,
obesity,
atherosclerosis,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
was
discussed.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(3)
Published: March 1, 2024
Abstract
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
has
become
a
common
neurodevelopmental
disorder.
The
heterogeneity
of
ASD
poses
great
challenges
for
its
research
and
clinical
translation.
On
the
basis
reviewing
ASD,
this
review
systematically
summarized
current
status
progress
pathogenesis,
diagnostic
markers,
interventions
ASD.
We
provided
an
overview
molecular
mechanisms
identified
by
multi‐omics
studies
convergent
mechanism
in
different
genetic
backgrounds.
comorbidities,
associated
with
important
physiological
metabolic
abnormalities
(i.e.,
inflammation,
immunity,
oxidative
stress,
mitochondrial
dysfunction),
gut
microbial
were
reviewed.
non‐targeted
omics
targeting
markers
also
Moreover,
we
methods
behavioral
educational
interventions,
intervention
related
to
technological
devices,
on
medical
potential
drug
targets.
This
highlighted
application
high‐throughput
emphasized
importance
seeking
homogeneity
from
exploring
convergence
disease
mechanisms,
biomarkers,
approaches,
proposes
that
taking
into
account
individuality
commonality
may
be
key
achieve
accurate
diagnosis
treatment
Metabolic Brain Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
40(1)
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Abstract
Current
treatment
approaches
for
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
primarily
focus
on
symptom
management
rather
than
addressing
underlying
dysfunctions.
The
ketogenic
diet
(KD),
a
high-fat,
low-carbohydrate
inducing
nutritional
ketosis,
has
shown
promise
in
treating
epilepsy
and
may
offer
therapeutic
benefits
ASD
by
modulating
metabolic
neuroprotective
pathways.
This
review
examined
the
potential
impact
of
KD
mechanisms
ASD.
While
evidence
from
human
studies
is
limited,
animal
research
large
overlap
modulated
dysfunctions
As
such,
targeting
multiple
disrupted
pathways
at
once,
presents
multifaceted
approach
However,
more
needed
effectiveness
modulation
Additionally,
precision
medicine
could
help
identify
individuals
who
would
benefit
most
intervention,
potentially
extending
its
use
to
other
psychiatric
conditions
with
similar
patterns.
Consequently,
interventions
might
show
induce
drastic
paradigm
shift
understanding
Psychological Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
52(9), P. 1645 - 1665
Published: Feb. 23, 2022
Abstract
A
significant
proportion
of
the
global
burden
disease
can
be
attributed
to
mental
illness.
Despite
important
advances
in
identifying
risk
factors
for
health
conditions,
biological
processing
underlying
causal
pathways
onset
remain
poorly
understood.
This
represents
a
limitation
implement
effective
prevention
and
development
novel
pharmacological
treatments.
Epigenetic
mechanisms
have
emerged
as
mediators
environmental
genetic
which
might
play
role
onset,
including
childhood
adversity
(CA)
cannabis
use
(CU).
Particularly,
human
research
exploring
DNA
methylation
has
provided
new
promising
insights
into
implicated
aetio-pathogenesis
psychiatric
including:
monoaminergic
(Serotonin
Dopamine),
GABAergic,
glutamatergic,
neurogenesis,
inflammatory
immune
response
oxidative
stress.
While
these
epigenetic
changes
been
often
studied
disease-specific,
similarly
investigation
factors,
they
are
transdiagnostic.
Therefore,
we
aim
review
existing
literature
on
from
studies
diseases
(i)
identify
modifications
mapping
onto
either
transdiagnostically
or
specifically
related
such
Eating
Disorders,
Post-traumatic
Stress
Disorder,
Bipolar
Psychotic
Depression,
Autism
Spectrum
Disorder
Anxiety
(ii)
investigate
convergence
between
some
exposure
known
disorders
CA
CU,
well
other
confounders
psychiatry
research.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 16, 2023
Autism
spectrum
disorders
(ASD)
are
a
class
of
neurodevelopmental
conditions
with
large
societal
impact.
Despite
existing
evidence
suggesting
link
between
ASD
pathogenesis
and
gut–brain
axis
dysregulation,
there
is
no
systematic
review
the
treatment
probiotics
on
its
associated
gastrointestinal
abnormalities
based
axis.
Therefore,
we
performed
an
analysis
for
preclinical
clinical
research
to
give
comprehensive
synthesis
published
potential
mechanism
ASD.
On
one
hand,
this
aims
elucidate
Accordingly,
discuss
gut
microbiota
dysbiosis
regarding
dysfunction.
other
suggests
that
probiotic
administration
regulate
might
improve
symptoms,
restore
ASD-related
behavioral
composition,
reduce
inflammation,
intestinal
barrier
function
in
human
animal
models.
This
targeting
through
agents
such
as
may
represent
approach
treating
subsets
individuals
