Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: July 15, 2024
Nerve
injuries
significantly
impact
the
quality
of
life
for
patients,
with
severe
cases
posing
life-threatening
risks.
A
comprehensive
understanding
pathophysiological
mechanisms
underlying
nerve
injury
is
crucial
to
development
effective
strategies
promote
regeneration.
Circular
RNAs
(circRNAs),
a
recently
characterized
class
distinguished
by
their
covalently
closed-loop
structures,
have
been
shown
play
an
important
role
in
various
biological
processes.
Numerous
studies
highlighted
pivotal
circRNAs
regeneration,
identifying
them
as
potential
therapeutic
targets.
This
review
aims
succinctly
outline
latest
advances
related
repair
and
mechanisms,
including
peripheral
injury,
traumatic
brain
spinal
cord
neuropathic
pain.
Finally,
we
discuss
applications
drug
consider
directions
future
research
this
field
provide
insights
into
repair.
European Journal of Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
992, P. 177349 - 177349
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
devastating
event
for
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
often
resulting
in
loss
of
sensory
and
motor
functions.
It
profoundly
affects
both
physiological
psychological
well-being
patients,
reducing
their
quality
life
while
also
imposing
significant
economic
pressure
on
families
healthcare
system.
Due
to
complex
pathophysiology
SCI,
effective
treatments
promoting
recovery
remain
scarce.
Mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
exosomes
(MSC-Exos)
offer
advantages
such
as
low
immunogenicity,
good
biocompatibility,
ability
cross
blood-spinal
barrier
(BSCB).
In
preclinical
studies,
they
have
progressively
shown
efficacy
SCI
repair
functional
recovery.
However,
yield
insufficient
targeting
MSC-Exos
limit
therapeutic
efficacy.
Currently,
genetic
engineering
other
preprocessing
techniques
are
being
employed
optimize
properties
exosomes,
thereby
enhancing
potential.
Therefore,
this
paper
provides
an
overview
biogenesis
exosomes.
summarizes
current
approaches
optimizing
exosome
performance.
Additionally,
it
details
mechanisms
through
which
optimized
provide
neuroprotection
explores
potential
combined
involving
hydrogels.
Immunity Inflammation and Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
The
aim
of
this
study
is
to
investigate
the
impact
and
mechanism
action
exosomes
derived
from
bone
marrow
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(BMSCs)
in
treatment
heart
failure
(HF).
analysis
gene
sequencing
data
set
was
employed
identify
potential
therapeutic
target
proteins
for
HF.
Subsequently,
H9C2
Sprague-Dawley
(SD)
rats
were
utilized
as
experimental
models
simulate
doxorubicin
hydrochloride
(Doxorubicin,
Dox)-induced
myocardial
injury.
This
approach
expression
changes
inflammatory
factors,
including
TNF-α,
IL-6,
IL-1β,
sST2,
Gal-3,
well
alterations
their
following
exosome
treatment.
Meanwhile,
relieving
HF
inhibiting
inflammation
investigated
using
constructed
KLF
4
knockout
cell
lines
SD
rats.
BMSC-derived
capable
enhancing
level
KLF4
cardiomyocytes,
decreasing
levels
damage
markers
BNP
hs-TnI,
factors
thereby
alleviating
In
vitro
vivo
experiments
have
shown
that
exosomal
decreases
which
are
indicators
injury,
along
with
release
cytokines
cardiomyocytes.
Concurrently,
downregulated,
leading
a
significant
reduction
physiological
modulation.
exhibit
superior
by
mitigating
tissue.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: March 3, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
including
exosomes
are
vesicular
with
phospholipid
bilayer
implicated
in
many
cellular
interactions
and
have
the
ability
to
transfer
multiple
types
of
cargo
cells.
It
has
been
found
that
EVs
can
package
various
molecules
proteins
nucleic
acids
(DNA,
mRNA,
noncoding
RNA).
The
discovery
as
carriers
forms
RNA,
such
microRNAs
(miRNA)
long
RNAs
(lncRNA),
raised
great
interest
field
drug
delivery.
Despite
underlying
mechanisms
neuropathic
pain
being
unclear,
it
shown
uncontrolled
glial
cell
activation
neuroinflammation
response
noxious
stimulation
important
emergence
maintenance
pain.
Many
studies
demonstrated
a
role
for
pathogenesis
may
offer
possibilities
potential
treatment.
In
this
article,
origins
clinical
application
mechanism
development
briefly
introduced.
Furthermore,
we
demonstrate
therapeutic
roles
involve
regulation
neuroinflammation.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
169, P. 115873 - 115873
Published: Nov. 16, 2023
Hepatic
ischemia-reperfusion
injury
(HIRI)
is
a
complication
of
hepatectomy
that
affects
the
functional
recovery
remnant
liver,
which
has
been
demonstrated
to
be
associated
with
pyroptosis
and
apoptosis.
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
can
protect
against
HIRI
in
rodents.
Paracrine
mechanisms
MSCs
indicated
MSCs-derived
exosomes
(MSCs-exo)
are
one
important
components
within
paracrine
substances
MSCs.
Moreover,
miniature
pigs
ideal
experimental
animals
comparative
medicine
compared
Accordingly,
this
study
aimed
investigate
whether
combined
would
induce
adipose-derived
(ADSCs)
their
(ADSCs-exo)
could
positively
mitigate
apoptosis
pyroptosis.
The
also
differences
effects
role
ADSCs
ADSCs-exo
Results
showed
severe
ultrastructure
damage
occurred
liver
tissues
systemic
inflammatory
response
was
induced
after
surgery,
TLR4/MyD88/NFκB/HMGB1
activation,
NLRP3-ASC-Caspase1
complex
generation,
GSDMD
revitalization,
IL-1β,
IL-18,
LDH
elevation
serum.
Furthermore,
expression
Fas-Fasl-Caspase8
CytC-APAF1-Caspase9
increased
liver.
or
intervention
inhibit
these
indicators
improve
ultrastructural
pathological
changes
response.
There
no
significant
difference
between
two
groups.
In
summary,
effectively
similar
may
considered
safe
effective
cell-free
therapy
injury.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
212, P. 65 - 79
Published: Dec. 22, 2023
Osteoporosis
is
a
chronic
disease
that
seriously
affects
the
quality
of
life
and
longevity
elderly,
so
exploring
mechanism
osteoporosis
crucial
for
drug
development
treatment.
Bone
marrow
mesenchymal
stem
cells
are
with
multiple
differentiation
potentials
in
bone
marrow,
changing
their
direction
can
change
mass.
As
an
extracellular
superoxide
dismutase,
Superoxide
Dismutase
3
(SOD3)
has
been
proved
to
play
important
role
organs,
but
detailed
action
metabolism
still
unclear.
In
this
study,
results
clinical
serum
samples
ELISA
single
cell
sequencing
chip
analysis
expression
SOD3
was
positively
correlated
mass,
mainly
expressed
osteoblasts
adipocytes
rarely
BMSCs.
vitro
experiments
showed
promote
osteogenesis
inhibit
adipogenesis.
Compared
WT
mice,
mice
were
knocked
out
had
significant
decrease
mineral
density
changes
related
parameters.
The
HE
IHC
staining
suggested
knocking
would
lead
fat
accumulation
cavity
weakened
osteogenesis.
Both
vivo
indicated
by
promoting
inhibiting
transcriptome
revalidation
affect
FLT1.
Through
experiments,
we
FLT1
also
addition,
through
repeated
interaction
between
two
molecules
(SOD3
FLT1)
verified
again.
Finally,
it
WB
regulates
PI3K/AKT
MAPK
pathways.
World Journal of Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(6), P. 527 - 541
Published: Feb. 4, 2024
Ulcerative
colitis
(UC)
is
a
chronic
recurrent
inflammatory
bowel
disease.
Despite
ongoing
advances
in
our
understanding
of
UC,
its
pathogenesis
yet
unelucidated,
underscoring
the
urgent
need
for
novel
treatment
strategies
patients
with
UC.
Exosomes
are
nanoscale
membrane
particles
that
mediate
intercellular
communication
by
carrying
various
bioactive
molecules,
such
as
proteins,
RNAs,
DNA,
and
metabolites.
The
NOD-like
receptor
family
pyrin
domain
containing
3
(NLRP3)
inflammasome
cytosolic
tripartite
protein
complex
whose
activation
induces
maturation
secretion
proinflammatory
cytokines
interleukin-1β
(IL-1β)
IL-18,
triggering
response
to
pathogenic
agent
or
injury.
Growing
evidence
suggests
exosomes
new
modulators
NLRP3
inflammasome,
vital
roles
pathological
process
Here,
recent
reviewed
on
role
First,
dual
effect
exosome
summarized.
Finally,
an
outlook
directions
exosome-NLRP3
crosstalk
research
context
UC
proposed
areas
further
this
topic
highlighted.
