Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 24, 2023
Abstract
Pain
derived
from
rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
the
most
debilitating
symptom
suffered
by
patients
although
inflammation
successfully
controlled.
It
main
concern
that
frequently
overlooked
due
to
unclear
understandings
of
its
occurrence.
Medications
alleviate
pain
are
limited
and
produce
severe
side
effects.
This
study
aimed
uncover
possible
involvement
nociceptive
signalling
N-methyl-D-aspartate-2B
receptor
(NMDAR-2B)
or
P2X4
(P2X4R)-induced
microglial
activation
at
thalamus
chronic
polyarthritis
rat
mimicking
RA
upon
CORM-2
(selective
P2X4R
antagonist)
ifenprodil
(non-competitive
NMDAR-2B
administrations.
Eighty
Sprague-Dawley
male
rats
were
randomly
assigned
into
five
groups
(n
=
16):
non-arthritic
control(C),
arthritic
control(A),
treated
with
either
diclofenac
(positive
control)
(A
+
Diclofenac),
CORM-2),
Ifenprodil).
The
was
induced
complete
Freund’s
adjuvant
state
for
15
days.
Treatment
sodium
diclofenac,
ifenprodil,
saline
(as
vehicle)
performed
seven
days
intrathecally.
Bilateral
ankle
joint
diameter
spontaneous
behaviour
activity
(mobility)
evaluated
assess
oedema-induced
responses.
Thalamus
tissue
collected
qRT-PCR
immunohistochemistry
analyses.
Results
revealed
a
significant
reduction
in
improved
mobility
ifenprodil.
treatments
significantly
attenuated
mRNA
level
protein
expression
thalamic
activated
microglia
rats.
deduced
contribution
NMDAR-2B-P2X4R-induced
pathogenesis
pain.
also
provides
insights
understand
suggests
as
new
therapeutics
management.
Separation Science Plus,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7(2)
Published: Nov. 22, 2023
Abstract
Flavonoid‐C‐glycosides
with
various
pharmacological
actions
were
abundant
in
corn
silk,
and
fragmentation
mass
spectra
of
flavonoid‐C‐glycosides
compounds
was
particularly
important.
This
paper
aimed
to
supervise
the
patterns
enriched
flavonoids
from
silk
by
high‐efficiency
ultra‐high‐performance
liquid
chromatography
combined
a
quadrupole
time‐of‐flight
spectrometry
approach.
Therefore,
extracted
heating
reflux
then
purified
based
on
D101
macroporous
resin.
Thirty‐five
triumphantly
identified
product.
Among
them,
14
flavonoid‐C‐glycosides,
seven
them
owned
luteolin
mother
nuclei
(luteolin‐C‐glycosides)
apigenin
(apigenin‐C‐glycosides).
Importantly,
diagnostic
product
ions
luteolin‐C‐glycosides
including
m/z
(431,
413,
395,
369,
367,
313,
299)
(429,
411,
393,
365,
311,
297),
characteristic
apigenin‐C‐glycosides
covered
(353,
339,
(339,
327,
309).
In
addition,
H
2
O
neutral
loss
glycosyl
craking
familiar,
difference
values
among
mainly
contained
40,
60,
70,
80,
90,
100,
120
Da.
Thus,
fragmentations
proper
regularity.
The
obtained
provided
rapid
recognition
meaningful
guidance
for
purification
study
flavonoid‐C‐glycosides.
Drug and Chemical Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
47(6), P. 1038 - 1049
Published: March 20, 2024
Methotrexate
(MTX)
is
an
anti-folate
chemotherapeutic
commonly
used
to
treat
cancer
and
autoimmune
diseases.
Despite
its
widespread
clinical
use,
MTX
has
been
linked
serious
neurotoxicity
side
effects.
Vinpocetine
(VNP)
widely
clinically
many
neurological
conditions.
This
study
was
conducted
the
potential
neuroprotective
effects
of
VNP
against
hippocampal
intoxication
in
rats.
Thirty-two
rats
were
randomly
allocated
into
4
groups:
(I)
control
(Vehicle);
(II)
VNP-treated
group
(20
mg/kg/day,
p.o);
(III)
MTX-control
mg/kg/once,
i.p.)
group;
(IV)
+
group.
administered
orally
for
10
days,
during
which
given
intraperitoneally
once
at
end
day
5.
Our
data
indicated
that
administration
significantly
improved
MTX-induced
neuronal
cell
death,
odema,
vacuolation
degeneration.
attenuated
oxidative
injury
mediated
by
significant
upregulation
Nrf2,
HO-1,
GCLC
genes,
while
Keap-1
mRNA
expression
downregulated.
Moreover,
suppressed
cytokines
release
increasing
IκB
level
it
caused
a
marked
downregulation
NF-κB
AP-1
(C-FOS
C-JUN)
levels.
Additionally,
apoptosis
reducing
Bax
levels
Bcl2
MTX-intoxicated
In
conclusion,
our
results
suggested
regulating
Keap-1/Nrf2,
NF-κB/AP-1,
signaling
these
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 5, 2024
Vigorous
research
confirmed
the
anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant,
and
antidementia
effects
of
apigenin
(Api).
The
present
study
evaluated
beneficial
impacts
Api
administration
on
behaviour,
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF),
Interleukin
6
(IL-6),
oxidative
stress,
inflammation
induced
by
social
isolation
(SI)
stress
in
rats.
For
this
purpose,
rats
underwent
a
28-day
SI
period
followed
4-week
oral
treatment
(50
mg/kg/day,
PO).
On
Day
56,
behaviour
tests
were
performed,
including
an
elevated
plus
maze
(EPM),
Morris
water
(MWM),
three-chamber
tests.
markers,
IL-6,
BDNF
levels
measured
hippocampus.
Our
results
showed
that
caused
increase
anxiety
decrease
spatial
memory,
sociability,
preference
index.
In
addition,
increased
hippocampal
IL-6
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
content,
whereas
it
reduced
level
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD)
activities.
indicated
attenuates
causes
improvements
memory
interaction.
These
desirable
might
be
related
to
amelioration
level,
biomarkers
Current Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(3), P. 159 - 173
Published: June 28, 2024
Background:
The
global
increase
in
the
incidence
of
cancers,
as
well
neurotoxicity
induced
by
cancer
therapy,
has
necessitated
research
into
agents
that
are
neuroprotective
without
impeding
treatment.
Objective:
objective
this
study
is
to
investigate
effects
feed-added
zinc
on
methotrexate-induced
changes
rats.
Methods:
Animals
were
grouped
normal
control
and
methotrexate
control,
which
fed
rodent
chow
three
groups
gluconate
incorporated
diet
at
25,
50
100
mg/kg,
respectively.
first
group,
addition
diet,
received
intraperitoneal
(i.p.)
injections
saline
2
ml/
kg,
while
rats
four
other
administered
i.p.
20
mg/kg/day
last
days
(19-21)
experiment.
On
day
22,
exposed
behavioural
paradigms,
following
they
euthanised
blood
was
taken
for
biochemical
assays.
Sections
hippocampus
homogenised
assessment
neurotransmitters
or
processed
histological
immunohistochemical
studies.
Results:
Dietary
supplements
certain
concentrations
protected
against
development
alteration
body
weight,
food
intake,
memory
histomorphology,
neuron-
specific
enolase
reactivity.
Conclusion:
supplementation
protective
administration,
with
possible
mechanisms
being
down-regulation
oxidative
stress,
inflammation
neuron-specific
Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(1), P. 102439 - 102439
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
the
leading
cause
of
dementia
in
elderly
and
characterized
by
aggregation
Aβ
(peptide)
neurofibrillary
tangles
along
with
inflammatory
processes.
Aging
a
significant
driver
these
alterations,
major
disability
mortality.
Despite
extensive
clinical
trials
over
past
two
decades,
no
effective
drug
has
been
developed
to
improve
AD
symptoms
or
slow
its
progression,
indicating
inefficiency
current
treatment
targets.
In
development,
molecular
microenvironment
plays
role.
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs)
are
key
component
this
microenvironment,
regulate
post-transcriptional
gene
expression,
expressed
more
abundantly
brain
than
other
tissues.
Several
dysregulated
miRNAs
have
linked
neuropathological
changes,
such
as
plaque
tangle
accrual,
well
altered
expression
notorious
molecules.
Preclinical
studies
confirmed
efficacy
phytochemicals/food
bioactive
compounds
(PCs/FBCs)
regulating
miRNA
which
makes
them
immensely
beneficial
for
targeting
miRNA-altered
patterns
neuronal
diseases.
This
review
highlights
potential
driving
pathology
development.
Furthermore,
it
discusses
therapeutic
PCs/FBCs
their
miRNA-regulatory
properties,
especially
focusing
on
antiinflammatory
antioxidant
capacities
development
agents.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 28, 2023
Abstract
Background
Increasing
incidence
of
cancers
and
cancer
chemotherapy-induced
neurotoxicities
makes
it
imperative
to
research
compounds
with
neuroprotective
potential
that
can
do
not
impede
therapy.
Objective
To
examine
the
effect
dietary
zinc
supplementation
on
methotrexate-induced
changes
in
neurobehaviour
neurochemistry
hippocampal
morphology
rats.
Methods
Adult
male
rats
were
assigned
into
five
groups
twelve
animals
each.
Group
normal
control
methotrexate
fed
standard
rodent
chow
three
supplemented
diet
at
25,
50
100
mg/kg
feed
respectively.
Standard
administered
daily
for
21
days.
Animals
intraperitoneal
injection
(i.p)
saline
2ml/kg,
while
those
i.p
20
mg/kg/day
days
19-21.
On
day
22,
exposed
behavioural
paradigm
(open
field,
Y-maze,
radial
arm
maze,
elevated
plus
maze
despair
test).
After
last
test,
sacrificed
blood
taken
assessment
Tumour
necrosis
factor-α,
interleukin
1β
10),
malondialdehyde
levels
total
antioxidant
capacity.
The
hippocampus
was
either
homogenised
dopamine,
serotonin,
acetylcholine
brain
derived
neurotropic
factor
or
processed
histological
study.
Results
Dietary
protected
against
weight,
food
intake,
cognition,
histomorphology
neuron
specific
enolase
immunohistochemistry.
Conclusion
protects
induced
by
modulating
oxidative
stress,
inflammatory
markers
neurotransmitters
metabolism
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 24, 2023
Abstract
Pain
derived
from
rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
the
most
debilitating
symptom
suffered
by
patients
although
inflammation
successfully
controlled.
It
main
concern
that
frequently
overlooked
due
to
unclear
understandings
of
its
occurrence.
Medications
alleviate
pain
are
limited
and
produce
severe
side
effects.
This
study
aimed
uncover
possible
involvement
nociceptive
signalling
N-methyl-D-aspartate-2B
receptor
(NMDAR-2B)
or
P2X4
(P2X4R)-induced
microglial
activation
at
thalamus
chronic
polyarthritis
rat
mimicking
RA
upon
CORM-2
(selective
P2X4R
antagonist)
ifenprodil
(non-competitive
NMDAR-2B
administrations.
Eighty
Sprague-Dawley
male
rats
were
randomly
assigned
into
five
groups
(n
=
16):
non-arthritic
control(C),
arthritic
control(A),
treated
with
either
diclofenac
(positive
control)
(A
+
Diclofenac),
CORM-2),
Ifenprodil).
The
was
induced
complete
Freund’s
adjuvant
state
for
15
days.
Treatment
sodium
diclofenac,
ifenprodil,
saline
(as
vehicle)
performed
seven
days
intrathecally.
Bilateral
ankle
joint
diameter
spontaneous
behaviour
activity
(mobility)
evaluated
assess
oedema-induced
responses.
Thalamus
tissue
collected
qRT-PCR
immunohistochemistry
analyses.
Results
revealed
a
significant
reduction
in
improved
mobility
ifenprodil.
treatments
significantly
attenuated
mRNA
level
protein
expression
thalamic
activated
microglia
rats.
deduced
contribution
NMDAR-2B-P2X4R-induced
pathogenesis
pain.
also
provides
insights
understand
suggests
as
new
therapeutics
management.
