Lithium restores nuclear REST and Mitigates oxidative stress in down syndrome iPSC-Derived neurons

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Triad of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity: Endothelial Cells, Astrocytes, and Pericytes in Perinatal Stroke Pathophysiology

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1886 - 1886

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Pediatric stroke, a significant cause of long-term neurological deficits in children, often arises from disruptions within neurovascular unit (NVU) components. The NVU, dynamic ensemble astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and microglia, is vital for maintaining cerebral homeostasis regulating vascular brain development. Its structural integrity, particularly at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), depends on intercellular junctions basement membrane, which together restrict paracellular transport shield systemic insults. Dysfunction this intricate system increasingly linked to pediatric stroke related cerebrovascular conditions. Mutations disrupting cell adhesion or pericyte-endothelial interactions can compromise BBB stability, leading pathological outcomes such as intraventricular hemorrhage germinal matrix, hallmark immaturity. Additionally, inflammation, ferroptosis, necroptosis, autophagy are key cellular processes influencing damage repair. Excessive activation these mechanisms exacerbate NVU injury, whereas targeted therapeutic modulation offers potential pathways mitigate support recovery. This review explores molecular underlying dysfunction, disruption, subsequent injury stroke. Understanding interplay between genetic mutations, environmental stressors, dynamics provides new insights into pathogenesis. susceptibility matrix rupture further emphasizes critical role integrity early Targeting inflammatory death presents promising strategies preserve function improve affected neonates.

Language: Английский

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Untangling the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Stem Cells

Autism Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neuro developmental condition characterized by significant genetic and phenotypic variability, making diagnosis treatment challenging. The heterogeneity of ASD-associated variants the absence clear causal factors in many cases complicate personalized care. Traditional models, such as postmortem brain tissue animal studies, have provided valuable insights but are limited capturing dynamic processes human-specific aspects ASD pathology. Recent advances human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology transformed research enabling generation patient-derived neural cells both two-dimensional cultures three-dimensional organoid models. These models retain donor's background, allowing researchers to investigate disease-specific cellular molecular mechanisms while identifying potential therapeutic targets tailored individual patients. This commentary highlights how cell-based approaches advancing our understanding paving way for more diagnostic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Emerging approaches to enhance human brain organoid physiology

Trends in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Brain organoids are important 3D models for studying human brain development, disease, and evolution. To overcome some of the existing limitations that affect organoid quality, reproducibility, characteristics, in vivo resemblance, current efforts directed to improve their physiological relevance by exploring different, yet interconnected, routes. In this review, these approaches latest developments discussed, including stem cell optimization, refining morphogen administration strategies, altering extracellular matrix (ECM) niche, manipulating tissue architecture mimic morphogenesis. Additionally, strategies increase diversity enhance maturation, such as establishing co-cultures, assembloids, xenotransplantation, reviewed. We explore how various factors can be tuned intermingled speculate on future avenues towards even more physiologically-advanced organoids.

Language: Английский

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Exploring human brain development and disease using assembloids

Neuron, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms of silver nanoparticle-induced neurotoxic injury and new perspectives for its neurotoxicity studies: a critical review

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 362, P. 124934 - 124934

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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The power of human stem cell-based systems in the study of neurodevelopmental disorders

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89, P. 102916 - 102916

Published: Sept. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Brain organoid methodologies to explore mechanisms of disease in progressive multiple sclerosis

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune disorder targeting the central nervous system (CNS), is marked by relentless demyelination and inflammation. Clinically, it presents in three distinct forms: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), primary progressive (PPMS), secondary (SPMS). While disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) offer some relief to people with RRMS, treatment options for (pMS) remain frustratingly inadequate. This gap highlights an urgent need advanced disease modeling techniques unravel intricate pathology of pMS. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies brain organoids are emerging as promising tools both 2D 3D

Language: Английский

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