Investigations of In Vitro Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.) Seed Extracts, as Well as In Vivo Biochemical and Hematological Assays

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 446 - 446

Published: March 31, 2025

Background/Objectives: The current research was designed to quantify the active phyto-constituents and investigate in vitro biological efficiency of different garden cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.) seed extracts against chronic diseases as well vivo toxicities that may be induced mice upon administration each extract at both studied therapeutic doses. Methods: L. extracts, such methanolic, aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate assessed. inhibition percentage (%) median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were estimated acetylcholinesterase enzyme, diabetes mellitus (α-amylase α-glucosidase enzymes), inflammation (cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzymes). Additionally, HepG-2, Caco-2, A549 cells assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, might hematological (using an automatic blood analyzer) biochemical levels evaluated. Results: It found methanolic possessed highest activities compared other extracts. 51.34, 54.35, 44.10, 43.48, 40.78% acetylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, protein denaturation, proteinase enzymes, respectively. also exhibited effect COX-1 (55.05%), COX-2 (57.30%), 5-LOX (50.15%) enzymes. possesses cytotoxic activity cells, with IC50 52.27, 40.73, 37.95 μg/mL, lethal doses (LD50) showed safer when administered orally, followed by aqueous then extract. acetone no alterations orally two (1/10 1/20 LD50) control. Conclusions: This study concluded than In future, efficacy will evaluated, elucidation its mechanism diseases.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial microRNAs (mitomiRs) as emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chronic human diseases

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 25, 2025

Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that undertake the majority of energetic and metabolic processes within cell. They also responsible for mediating multiple apoptotic pathways, balancing redox charges, scavenging reactive oxygen species. MicroRNAs, which short, non-coding RNAs widely known regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level, regulate many these processes. The specific microRNAs directly or indirectly control mitochondrial dynamics called miRNAs (mitomiRs). broadest classification this type ncRNA encompasses nuclear-encoded interact with cytoplasmatic mRNAs associated activity. At same time, a more subset comprises translocate into mitochondria to inside organelle. Finally, smallest group mitomiRs includes those codified by mtDNA can endogenous transcripts be transported cytoplasm modulate circulating mRNAs. Regardless origin action mechanism, have been recently recognized key role in progression variety chronic disorders, such as neurodegenerative cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, asthma, depression, even cancer. All progressive pathologies tightly linked dysregulation. further an aberrant cellular metabolism, positioning reliable biomarkers diagnosing several diseases. These molecular indicators provided insights how conditions progress, allowing development different miRNA-based treatment strategies target dysregulated mitochondrial-related genes, reestablishing their baseline activity restricting disease progression.

Language: Английский

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Trends and research focus on autophagy in Alzheimer's disease (2003–2023): A bibliometric study

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 6, 2025

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β plaques and tau aggregates, with autophagy dysfunction playing a key pathogenic role. While modulation shows therapeutic promise, comprehensive bibliometric analyses are lacking. Objective This study aims to map the research landscape of in AD through analysis, identifying trends, contributors, emerging focus areas. Methods We analyzed 4018 publications (2003–2023) from Web Science using VOSviewer CiteSpace. Publication influential authors, countries, institutions, hotspots were examined co-occurrence, burst detection, clustering analyses. Results Annual have steadily increased, peaking 2022. The US led output citations, major contributions University California New York University. Ralph A. Nixon emerged as most author. Early (2003–2013) primarily focused on protein degradation mechanisms, whereas recent studies (2014–2023) emphasize mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, related pathways. Key evolving topics include endoplasmic reticulum stress chaperone-mediated autophagy, significant implications for innovation. Conclusions Autophagy plays critical role pathogenesis represents promising target. Despite mechanistic advances, clinical translation remains challenging. Future should prioritize multi-omics integration, drug delivery optimization, managing risks associated excessive activation. These findings provide valuable insights developing novel therapies targeting autophagy.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of an Arylhydrazone Derivative of 5-Methoxyindole-2-Carboxylic Acid in a Scopolamine-Induced Model of Alzheimer’s Type Dementia in Rats

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(23), P. 5711 - 5711

Published: Dec. 3, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has long proven to be a complex neurodegenerative disorder, with cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation being just few of its pathological features. The complexity the requires multitargeted treatment covering many aspects. In present investigation, an arylhydrazone derivative 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (5MeO), in vitro strong antioxidant, neuroprotective monoamine oxidase B-inhibiting effects, was studied scopolamine-induced Alzheimer-type dementia rats. Using behavioral biochemical methods, we evaluated effects 5MeO on learning memory, elucidated mechanisms these effects. Our experiments demonstrated that had beneficial effect different types memory as assessed by step-through Barnes maze tasks. It efficiently restored decreased scopolamine brain-derived neurotrophic factor acetylcholine levels normalized increased esterase activity hippocampus. Most effective counteracting induced stress decreasing lipid peroxidation increasing reduced catalase activity. Blood analyses favorable safety profile 5MeO, prompting further pharmacological studies suggesting safe efficient candidate AD.

Language: Английский

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Effects of traditional Chinese exercises or their integration with medical treatments on cognitive impairment: a network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

This study aims to summarize and critically evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese exercises, both in isolation combination with medical treatments, on cognitive impairment.

Language: Английский

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