Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(12)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances composition can contribute to the onset progression various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity diabetes) neurodegenerative conditions Alzheimer's Parkinson's). These are often accompanied by chronic inflammation dysregulated responses, which closely linked specific forms cell death, pyroptosis ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria trigger these death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics been found mitigate effects modulating responses. Despite insights, precise mechanisms influences diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on impact immune‐mediated inflammation‐associated conditions. It also identifies gaps current research explores potential advanced technologies, organ‐on‐chip models microbiome–gut–organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, single‐bacterium omics spatial metabolomics, discussed their promise elucidating microbiota's disease development.

Language: Английский

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Novelties on Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease–Focus on Gut and Oral Microbiota Involvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(20), P. 11272 - 11272

Published: Oct. 19, 2024

Recent studies underscore the role of gut and oral microbiota in influencing neuroinflammation through microbiota–gut–brain axis, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis recent findings on involvement neuroinflammatory processes associated with AD, emphasizing novel insights therapeutic implications. reveals that dysbiosis AD patients’ is linked heightened peripheral central inflammatory responses. Specific bacterial taxa, such as Bacteroides Firmicutes gut, well Porphyromonas gingivalis cavity, are notably altered leading significant changes microglial activation cytokine production. Gut alterations increased intestinal permeability, facilitating translocation endotoxins like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into bloodstream exacerbating by activating brain’s toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways. Furthermore, microbiota-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) amyloid peptides, can cross blood-brain barrier modulate While microbial amyloids may contribute amyloid-beta aggregation brain, certain SCFAs butyrate exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential avenue mitigate neuroinflammation. not only highlights critical pathology but also offers ray hope modulating could represent strategy for reducing slowing progression.

Language: Английский

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Minocycline Ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Neuroinflammation and Anxiety-like Behaviors by Regulating the TLR2 and STAT3 Pathways in Microglia

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 128 - 128

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses. S. aureus is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with anxiety-like behaviors. Minocycline ameliorates Gram-negative bacterial LPS-induced behaviors by suppressing microglia activation. However, effects of minocycline on caused infections have received little attention. In this study, we aimed to investigate molecular mechanism and effect infection. Methods: BV2 N9 microglial cells were treated in vitro. The lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-stimulated inflammatory responses, STAT3 activation, GLS1 expression assessed using Western blotting, cytokine secretion was determined an ELISA. A mouse model used evaluate capacity ameliorate Results: We found that ≥100 μmol/L remarkably attenuated LTA-induced TLR2 signaling pathway activation proinflammatory cells. prevented LTA-stimulated TLR2, TNF-α, IL-6, markedly reduced inhibition phosphorylation. Mice pretreated 50 mg/kg minocycline, significantly attenuating neuroinflammation. also effectively alleviated induced Conclusions: Our findings indicate alleviates infection-induced

Language: Английский

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Bacterial meningitis is a significant catalyst for neuroinflammation

International review of neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Supporting Neurologic Health with Mushroom Nutrition

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1568 - 1568

Published: May 2, 2025

Due to the extensive types of etiologies and risks causing over 600 mental health issues, convene adequate recommendations in primary care is a difficult assignment. The starting point for preventive interventions on neurologic disorders involves scrutinizing risk factors while targeting multiple hazards order increase success an early precautionary mediation plan action. factor most neurodegenerative diseases increasing worldwide median age, although one seven youngsters also experience disability, namely depression, representing decline well-being conferring considerable global public challenge. brain operates optimally when supported by holistic approach engaging several aspects, diet becoming integral part strategies. Treatment presently dominated pharmacotherapy, but additional strategies are needed prevent treat disorders. Dietary modification can prove be cost-effective strategy prevention and, certain conditions, treatment neurological Molecules dietary ingredients, micronutrients, phytonutrients, additives may modulate depression associated biomarkers. Nutritional exposure during developmental stages maternal impact, lifestyles, modulation gut microbiota through as novel therapies various neuropsychiatric conditions gaining interest maintaining health. Bioactive substances present different mushroom species have been ascribed both direct indirect mechanisms influence neurobehavior, here we support recognition nutrition influential element management some concerns. Scientific evidence demonstrating unequivocal link between nutritional mushrooms cognitive only beginning emerge, medicine should considered care.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling roles of beneficial gut bacteria and optimal diets for health

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in human health, influencing digestion, immunity, and disease prevention. Beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, Christensenella minuta contribute to metabolic regulation immune support through bioactive metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Dietary patterns rich prebiotics, fermented foods, plant-based compounds, including polyphenols flavonoids, promote diversity stability. However, challenges individual variability, bioavailability, dietary adherence, the dynamic nature of microbiota remain significant. This review synthesizes current insights into bacteria's emphasizing mechanisms by which interventions modulate microbiota. Additionally, it highlights advancements microbiome-targeted therapies transformative potential personalized nutrition, leveraging profiling artificial intelligence (AI) develop tailored strategies for optimizing health mitigating chronic inflammatory disorders. Addressing these requires multidisciplinary approach that integrates scientific innovation, ethical frameworks, practical implementation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment among older adults in Uganda: A case–control study

Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(16), P. e42100 - e42100

Published: April 18, 2025

Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with significant shifts in the gut microbiome and characterized by reduced microbial diversity changes abundance of specific taxa. These alterations can disrupt gut-brain axis, leading to increased intestinal permeability (“leaky gut”), systemic inflammation, oxidative stress. Such are thought contribute neurodegenerative changes, as observed AD cognitive decline, thus emphasizing role aging-related neurological health. Our study urban rural population Uganda recruited 104 participants aged 60 years older, categorized into AD, mild impairment (MCI), control groups based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores ICD-11/DSM-V criteria. DNA was extracted from fecal samples using a QIAamp kit polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were sequenced Nanopore. We used indices, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), permutational multivariate variance (PERMANOVA), linear discriminant effect size (LefSe) identify differences among groups. Gut diversity, measured Chao1 Shannon significantly patients AD. The group had lowest compared that ( P < .05). PCoA showed distinct between controls, MCI showing an intermediate profile. Genera such Novosphingobium Staphylococcus more prevalent whereas Hafnia-Obesumbacterium Dickeya common Age-related included increases Exiguobacterium Carnobacterium decreases Acinetobacter Klebsiella . Distinct profiles identified MCI, groups, suggesting potential markers Ugandan population.

Language: Английский

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Methylated urolithin a attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment and behavioral disorders by inhibiting mitochondrial inflammation through the Drp1/HK1/NLRP3 pathway

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 106851 - 106851

Published: May 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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