Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 12, 2025
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, driven by complex interactions between neurotransmitter receptors immune signaling pathways. Among these, heteroreceptor complexes—functional assemblies formed the physical interaction different G protein-coupled or ionotropic receptor subtypes within same membrane microdomain—play crucial role in modulating synaptic activity, neuroimmune responses, inflammatory cascades. For example, A2A-D2 modulates dopaminergic striatum has been implicated Parkinson’s disease pathology. These receptor-receptor influence key pathways involving dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, adenosine, cannabinoid systems, thereby contributing to pathophysiology Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression. Dysregulation complexes disrupts neuronal homeostasis, exacerbates neuroinflammatory influences microglial astrocytic activation. Understanding molecular mechanisms governing these interactions, including allosteric modulation biased agonism, offers novel therapeutic avenues for targeting neuroinflammation. Pharmacological strategies, such as selective modulators, agonists, receptor-specific ligands, aim restore function mitigate damage. Emerging clinical trials—such those evaluating A2A antagonists like istradefylline 5-HT2A schizophrenia—have shown promising neuroprotective anti-inflammatory effects, although larger-scale, long-term studies are needed confirm efficacy. This review highlights pivotal neuroinflammation, discusses their potential, underscores need further research into functional dynamics develop effective interventions diseases.
Language: Английский