Cureus,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 8, 2023
Positron
emission
tomography
(PET)
is
an
integral
part
of
the
imaging
solid
tumors
in
today's
oncology
practice.
The
most
commonly
used
PET
radiotracer
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose
(18F-FDG).
FDG
has
characteristics
a
high
tumor-to-background
uptake
ratio
and
detection
primary
as
well
metastatic
sites.
However,
significant
pitfall
its
inability
to
differentiate
between
neoplastic
infective
lesions.
To
address
this
concern,
many
radiotracers
have
been
developed
tried
over
time,
promising
one
being
radiolabelled
fibroblast
activation
protein
inhibitor
(FAPI).
Fibroblast-activated
(FAP)
type
II
transmembrane
glycoprotein
expressed
by
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs);
it
forms
component
tumor
stroma.
Since
there
over-expression
CAF
majority
malignancies,
potential
target
for
molecular
using
PET.
Several
radiolabeled
FAP
inhibitors
malignancies
also
theranostic
applications.
Japanese Journal of Radiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 2, 2024
Abstract
Interventional
oncology
provides
image-guided
therapies,
including
transarterial
tumor
embolization
and
percutaneous
ablation,
for
malignant
tumors
in
a
minimally
invasive
manner.
As
other
medical
fields,
the
application
of
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
interventional
has
garnered
significant
attention.
This
narrative
review
describes
current
state
AI
applications
based
on
recent
literature.
A
literature
search
revealed
rapid
increase
number
studies
relevant
to
this
topic
recently.
Investigators
have
attempted
use
various
tasks,
automatic
segmentation
organs,
tumors,
treatment
areas;
simulation;
improvement
intraprocedural
image
quality;
prediction
outcomes;
detection
post-treatment
recurrence.
Among
these,
AI-based
outcomes
been
most
studied.
Various
deep
conventional
machine
learning
algorithms
proposed
these
tasks.
Radiomics
often
incorporated
into
models.
Current
suggests
that
is
potentially
useful
aspects
oncology,
from
planning
follow-up.
However,
methods
discussed
are
still
at
research
stage,
few
implemented
clinical
practice.
To
achieve
widespread
adoption
technologies
procedures,
further
their
reliability
utility
necessary.
Nevertheless,
considering
progress
field,
will
be
integrated
practices
near
future.
Japanese Journal of Radiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 16, 2024
Abstract
In
this
narrative
review,
we
review
the
applications
of
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
into
clinical
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
exams,
with
a
particular
focus
on
Japan’s
contributions
to
field.
first
part
introduce
various
AI
in
optimizing
different
aspects
MRI
process,
including
scan
protocols,
patient
preparation,
image
acquisition,
reconstruction,
and
postprocessing
techniques.
Additionally,
examine
AI’s
growing
influence
decision-making,
particularly
areas
such
as
segmentation,
radiation
therapy
planning,
reporting
assistance.
By
emphasizing
studies
conducted
Japan,
highlight
nation’s
advancement
MRI.
latter
characteristics
that
make
Japan
unique
environment
for
development
implementation
examinations.
healthcare
landscape
is
distinguished
by
several
key
factors
collectively
create
fertile
ground
research
development.
Notably,
boasts
one
highest
densities
scanners
per
capita
globally,
ensuring
widespread
access
exam.
national
health
insurance
system
plays
pivotal
role
providing
scans
all
citizens
irrespective
socioeconomic
status,
which
facilitates
collection
inclusive
unbiased
data
across
diverse
population.
extensive
screening
programs,
coupled
collaborative
initiatives
like
Medical
Imaging
Database
(J-MID),
enable
aggregation
sharing
large,
high-quality
datasets.
With
its
technological
expertise
infrastructure,
well-positioned
meaningful
MRI–AI
domain.
The
efforts
researchers,
clinicians,
technology
experts,
those
will
continue
advance
future
MRI,
potentially
leading
improvements
care
efficiency.
Journal of Radiation Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
Ventricular
tachycardia
(VT)
is
a
severe
arrhythmia
commonly
treated
with
implantable
cardioverter
defibrillators,
antiarrhythmic
drugs
and
catheter
ablation
(CA).
Although
CA
effective
in
reducing
recurrent
VT,
its
impact
on
survival
remains
uncertain,
especially
patients
extensive
scarring.
Stereotactic
radioablation
(STAR)
has
emerged
as
novel
treatment
for
VT
unresponsive
to
CA,
leveraging
techniques
from
stereotactic
body
radiation
therapy
used
cancer
treatments.
Recent
clinical
trials
case
series
have
demonstrated
the
short-term
efficacy
safety
of
STAR,
although
long-term
outcomes
remain
unclear.
Imaging
techniques,
such
electroanatomical
mapping,
contrast-enhanced
magnetic
resonance
imaging
nuclear
imaging,
play
crucial
role
planning
by
identifying
substrates
guiding
target
delineation.
However,
challenges
persist
owing
complex
anatomy
variability
volume
definitions.
Advances
artificial
intelligence
are
expected
improve
precision
STAR.
The
exact
mechanisms
underlying
effects
including
potential
fibrosis
improvement
cardiac
conduction,
still
being
explored.
Despite
potential,
STAR
should
be
cautiously
applied
prospective
trials,
focus
optimizing
dose
delivery
understanding
outcomes.
Collaborative
efforts
necessary
standardize
strategies
enhance
quality
life
refractory
VT.