Energy Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
7, P. 6338 - 6353
Published: Oct. 2, 2021
Conversion
of
low
value
agricultural
residues
to
better-quality
products
e.g.
biofuel,
bioproducts
can
solve
the
issues
related
energy
crisis
as
well
environmental
challenges.
Torrefaction,
a
thermochemical
pretreatment
was
employed
on
canola
residue
(CR)
augment
physicochemical
properties
biomass
for
heat
and
applications.
In
present
study,
effects
microwave
torrefaction
have
been
investigated
following
operating
parameters:
power
(250–450
W),
residence
time
(10–20
min),
feeding
load
(70–110
g).
Box
Behnken
design
method
used
experiments
find
interaction
between
process
parameters.
Both
mass
yields
diminished
with
rise
in
reaction
time.
The
results
show
that
carbon
content
significantly
increased
degree
while
oxygen
had
reverse
trend,
therefore
atomic
ratio
torrefied
reduced
remarkably.
Torrefied
shows
higher
percentages
than
bituminous
coal.
addition,
noticeable
decrease
volatile
matter
observed
growth
severity
thus
fixed
content.
heating
(HHV)
boosted
up
by
26%
(promoted
from
17.8
MJ/kg
22.4
MJ/kg).
HHV
highly
is
very
close
Fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy
(FTIR)
analysis
showed
surface
functional
groups
example
OH,
CH,
CO
decreased
indicating
improvement
hydrophobicity
biomass.
Scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM)
represent
more
porous
structure
at
highest
conditions
which
happened
due
thermal
cracking
decomposition
lignin
grinding
89%
compared
raw
Moreover,
inductively
coupled
plasma-mass
spectrometry
(ICP)
data
concentrations
minerals,
alkaline
other
essential
element
amplified
torrefaction.
influence
biomass,
followed
load.
optimum
were
found
450W
90
g
20
min.
Energies,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15(17), P. 6352 - 6352
Published: Aug. 31, 2022
Biofuels
are
sustainable
alternatives
to
fossil
fuels
because
of
their
renewable
and
low-cost
raw
materials,
environmentally
friendly
conversion
technologies
low
emissions
upon
combustion.
In
addition,
biofuels
can
also
be
upgraded
enhance
fuel
properties
for
wide
applicability
in
power
infrastructures.
produced
from
a
variety
biomasses
through
thermochemical
biological
processes.
This
article
provides
insights
into
the
fundamental
applied
concepts
methods
such
as
torrefaction,
pyrolysis,
liquefaction,
gasification
transesterification.
It
is
important
understand
physicochemical
attributes
biomass
resources
ascertain
potential
biofuel
production.
Hence,
composition
different
lignocellulosic
feedstocks,
oilseed
crops,
municipal
solid
waste,
food
waste
animal
manure
have
been
discussed.
The
biochar,
bio-oil,
bio-crude
oil,
syngas
biodiesel
described.
concludes
with
an
analysis
strength,
weaknesses,
opportunities
threats
scale-up
applications
commercialization.
Chemical Engineering & Technology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
45(5), P. 791 - 799
Published: Feb. 22, 2022
Abstract
Waste
biomass
has
the
potential
to
produce
renewable
fuels
and
fine
chemicals.
Biofuels
derived
from
agricultural,
forestry,
energy
crop
systems
are
promising
resources
address
climate
change
minimize
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
The
recent
advances
in
various
thermochemical
technologies
for
conversion
of
waste
value‐added
biofuel
products
discussed.
A
summarized
outline
such
as
torrefaction,
liquefaction,
pyrolysis,
gasification
is
provided.
An
overview
different
types
sources
well
their
physicochemical
properties
presented.
environmental
benefits
considered
well.