Biocatalysis and Biotransformation,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
42(3), P. 454 - 465
Published: Oct. 2, 2023
AbstractAs
we
know
the
recent
pandemic,
coronavirus
disease
(COVID-19)
due
to
SARS
CoV-2
virus
has
led
an
increase
in
consumption
of
various
drugs
as
medicines
by
patients.
Paracetamol
(acetaminophen,
APAP)
act
emerging
contaminant
classified
among
class
pharmaceutical
and
personal
care
pollutant
(PPCP)
is
detected
wastewater
sewage
systems.
The
enrichment
culture
approach
was
used
for
isolation
APAP-degrading
bacterium
sample.
Microscopic
examination,
biochemical
16S
rRNA
sequence
analysis
showed
that
isolate
PYP-2
belongs
Bacillus
pumilus
strain.
Shake
flask
batch
degradation
studies
have
shown
strain
can
degrade
APAP.
Further,
response
surface
methodology
(RSM)
plot
best
physical
condition
biodegradation
optimization
study.
optimum
pH
5.0,
temperature
30
°C,
agitation
speed
146
rpm,
APAP
267
mg/L
concentration
were
reported
PYP-2-based
degradation.
Bacterial
biomass
kinetic
performed
at
condition,
results
specific
growth
rate
(µ)
713
mg/L.
Oxalic
acid,
2-isopropyl-5-methyl
cyclohexanone,
phenothiazine
intermediates
pathway
GC-MS
chromatogram
peaks.
Therefore,
this
research
metabolic
capacity
biodegrade
APAP,
providing
new
tools
bioremediation.Keywords:
ParacetamolBacillus
PYP-2biodegradation16S
analysisshake
studywastewater
AcknowledgmentsThe
authors
are
thankful
Department
Biotechnology,
Deenbandhu
Chhotu
Ram
University
Science
Technology
Murthal
Sonipat
Haryana
India,
necessary
facilities
conduct
also
acknowledge
sample
FTIR
Central
Instrumentation
Laboratory
(CIL),
DCRUST
DNA
sequencing
Eurofins
Genomics
India
Pvt
Ltd,
Advanced
Research
Facility
(AIRF),
JNU
New
Delhi,
analysis.
S.
Chopra,
wishes
thank
UGC,
Delhi
a
assistantship
form
RGNF
fellowship.
Authors
Editor/Reviewers
suggestions
improved
manuscript.Disclosure
statementNo
potential
conflict
interest
authors.Author
contributionsAll
contributed
study
conception
design.
material
preparation,
data
collection
SC
DK.
first
draft
manuscript
written
all
commented
on
previous
versions
manuscript.
All
read
approved
final
DK
supervised
research.Ethics
approvalNot
applicable.Data
availability
statementThe
gene
paracetamol
degrading
deposited
National
Centre
Biotechnology
Information
(NCBI)
GenBank
with
accession
number
MN744329.Additional
informationFundingThere
no
external
funding
received
carry
out
research.
wish
Murthal,
Applied Water Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(9)
Published: Aug. 13, 2024
The
emerging
pollutant
paracetamol
(APAP)
is
one
of
the
most
prescribed
drugs
worldwide.
In
addition,
APAP
and
its
main
metabolites,
namely,
4-aminophenol
(4-AP),
hydroquinone
(H2Q),
benzoquinone
(BQ),
2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone
(2,5-OH-BQ),
among
others,
are
frequently
detected
in
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
influents,
effluents,
environment.
Thus,
continuous
release
into
environment,
especially
aquatic
environments,
a
source
general
concern.
Six
APAP-degrading
bacterial
strains
were
isolated
from
two
mine
samples
Iberian
Pyrite
Belt
(Lousal
Poderosa
mines).
Mycolicibacterium
aubagnense
HPB1.1,
which
was
using
enrichment
cultures
sample
presence
H2Q
as
sole
carbon
source,
also
showed
biodegrading
capabilities.
Pure
this
strain
degraded
34.3
mg
L−1
5
days
9.4
4
days.
Interestingly,
BQ
2,5-OH-BQ
metabolites
resulting
abiotic
degradation,
but
these
compounds
removed
strain's
cultures.
Furthermore,
M.
HPB1.1
whole-genome
sequenced,
encoded
proteins
aligned
with
enzymes
bacteria
recovered
databases
literature
aiming
to
identify
candidate
catabolic
genes.
Putative
amidases,
deaminases,
hydroxylases,
dioxygenases,
responsible
for
degradation
by
strain,
identified
similarity,
corroborating
ability
transform
intermediate
metabolite
less
toxic
metabolic
due
their
capacity
break
aromatic
ring
molecules.
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
480, P. 136128 - 136128
Published: Oct. 12, 2024
Wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
are
recognized
as
significant
contributors
of
paracetamol
(APAP)
into
the
environment
due
to
their
limited
ability
degrade
it.
This
study
used
a
bioaugmentation
strategy
with
Pseudomonas
extremaustralis
CSW01
and
Stutzerimonas
stutzeri
CSW02
achieve
APAP
biodegradation
in
solution
wide
ranges
temperature
(10-40
°C)
pH
(5-9),
reaching
DT
Catalysts,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(8), P. 474 - 474
Published: July 25, 2024
BiVO4
is
an
important
n-type
semiconductor
used
in
photocatalysis
due
to
its
high
capacity
absorb
solar
light
the
400–700
nm
range,
abundance,
chemical
stability,
non-toxicity,
and
low
cost.
However,
research
on
physicochemical
modifications
increase
catalytic
activity
via
simple
procedures
limited.
In
this
work,
influence
of
different
synthesis
parameters,
such
as
calcination
temperatures
or
silver
doping,
structural
characteristic
BiVO4-based
photocatalysts
their
photocatalytic
performance
degrading
sulfamethoxazole
from
aqueous
solution
under
blue-LED
irradiation
was
evaluated.
were
synthesized
using
a
solvothermal
method.
The
monoclinic
phase
(m-s)
successfully
kept
stable
even
after
thermal
treatments
at
300,
450,
600
°C
corresponding
doping.
bandgap
2.40
eV
average
particle
size
18
catalyst
treated
300
seems
be
key.
Afte
Ag/BiVO4
photocatalyst
optimal
found
temperature
(300
°C)
showed
best
behavior.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 11, 2023
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals
are
of
concern
to
our
planet
and
health
as
they
can
accumulate
in
the
environment.
The
impact
these
biologically
active
compounds
on
ecosystems
is
hard
predict
information
their
biodegradation
necessary
establish
sound
risk
assessment.
Microbial
communities
promising
candidates
for
pharmaceuticals
such
ibuprofen,
but
little
known
yet
about
degradation-capacity
multiple
micropollutants
at
higher
concentrations
(100
mg/L).
In
this
work,
microbial
were
cultivated
lab-scale
Membrane
Bioreactors
(MBRs)
exposed
increasing
a
mixture
six
(ibuprofen,
diclofenac,
enalapril,
caffeine,
atenolol,
paracetamol).
Key
players
identified
using
combinatorial
approach
16S
rRNA
sequencing
analytics.
community
structure
changed
with
pharmaceutical
intake
(from
1
mg/L
100
mg/L)
reached
steady-state
during
incubation
7
weeks
mg/L.
HPLC
analysis
revealed
fluctuating
significant
degradation
(30-100%)
five
pollutants
(caffeine,
paracetamol,
enalapril)
by
an
established
stable
mainly
composed
Achromobacter
,
Cupriavidus
Pseudomonas
Leucobacter
.
By
from
MBR1
inoculum
further
batch
culture
experiments
single
(400
substrate,
respectively),
different
consortia
obtained
each
micropollutant.
genera
potentially
responsible
respective
micropollutant
identified,
i.e.
sp.
Sphingobacterium
caffeine
Sphingomonas
Klebsiella
enalapril.
Our
study
demonstrates
feasibility
cultivating
capable
degrading
simultaneously
highly
concentrated
MBRs
identification
specific
pollutants.
Graphical
abstract
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 5, 2022
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals
are
relatively
new
to
nature
and
often
not
completely
removed
in
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs).
Consequently,
these
micropollutants
end
up
water
bodies
all
around
the
world
posing
a
great
environmental
risk.
One
exception
this
recalcitrant
conversion
is
paracetamol,
whose
full
degradation
has
been
linked
several
microorganisms.
However,
genes
corresponding
proteins
involved
microbial
paracetamol
still
elusive.
In
order
improve
our
knowledge
of
pathway,
we
inoculated
bioreactor
with
sludge
hospital
WWTP
(Pharmafilter,
Delft,
NL)
fed
it
as
sole
carbon
source.
Paracetamol
was
fully
degraded
without
any
lag
phase
enriched
community
investigated
by
metagenomic
metatranscriptomic
analyses,
which
demonstrated
that
very
diverse.
Dilution
plating
on
paracetamol-amended
agar
plates
yielded
two
Pseudomonas
sp.
isolates:
fast-growing
200
mg/L
approximately
10
hours
while
excreting
dark
brown
component
medium,
slow-growing
obvious
intermediates
more
than
90
days.
Each
contained
different
highly-expressed
amidase
(31%
identity
each
other).
These
were
detected
metagenome
suggesting
other
as-yet
uncharacterized
amidases
may
be
responsible
for
first
biodegradation
step
paracetamol.
Uncharacterized
deaminase
encoding
dioxygenase
enzymes
catabolism
aromatic
compounds
amino
acids
most
likely
candidates
based
their
high
expression
levels
spp.
genomes.
Furthermore,
cross-feeding
between
members
might
have
occurred
efficiently
degrade
its
bioreactor.
This
study
increases
about
ongoing
evolution
towards
pharmaceuticals
points
large
diversity
(amidase)
metabolism
WWTPs.
Highlights
activated
from
wastewater.
Low
concentrations
diverse
community.
dominated
cultures
concentration.
probably
degrading
Deaminases
dioxygenases
transformation
products.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 17, 2023
Abstract
Acetaminophen
and
hydroxychloroquine
are
widely
used
drugs
during
COVID
situations.
Residual
concentrations
of
acetaminophen
have
been
detected
in
pharmaceutical
industry
wastewater,
effluent
treatment
plants,
surface
water.
The
present
study
was
carried
out
on
the
bioremediation
(paracetamol)
by
using
bacterial
isolate
Kosakonia
cowanii
JCM
10956(T)
(GenBank:
OQ733302.1).
Identification
done
16S
rRNA
sequencing
technique.
LC50
values
for
bacteria
were
determined
as
2186.70
1735.13
ppm,
respectively.
Isolate
found
to
degrade
(1500
ppm)
into
hydroquinone
after
five
days
incubation
with
an
81%
biodegradation
rate.
Hydroxychloroquine
(1000
be
degraded
oxalic
acid
7-chloroquinoline-4-amine
4-aminoquinoline-7-ol
intermediates.
After
15
incubation,
60%
degraded.
followed
a
first-order
kinetic
model
rate
constant
0.339
d
−
1
0.0618
,
Half-lives
2.05
11.2
days,
Based
analytical
techniques
UV-visible
spectra,
HPLC,
mass
proton
nuclear
magnetic
spectroscopy
(1H
NMR)
studies,
biodegradative
metabolites
identified.
Ecotoxicological
testing
parent
drug
degradative
product
algal
inhibition
shrimp
lethality
assays.
acetaminophen,
hydroquinone,
has
more
toxicity
less
against
compared
drug.
Whereas
product,
Industrial
applications
metal
leaching
role
will
give
new
insight
bioconversion
expired
paracetamol
value-added
products.
Current World Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 155 - 163
Published: April 29, 2023
Acetaminophen
(paracetamol)
has
been
classified
as
one
of
the
emerging
organic
pollutants
due
to
its
entrance
into
water
bodies.
Removal
pharma
micropollutants
using
microorganisms
or
synthetic
systems
from
environment
is
desirable.
In
this
study,
acetaminophen
degrading
microorganism
was
isolated
Pharmaceutical
industrial
wastewater.
Identification
isolate
carried
out
morphological,
biochemical,
and
16s
rRNA
sequencing.
Bacillus
subtilis
subsp.
NCIB
3610(T)
showed
73.2%
degradation
paracetamol
(2500
ppm)
based
on
colorimetric
reverse
phase
high
performance
liquid
chromatography
analysis.
Based
Computer
Assisted
Kinetic
Evaluation
(CAKE)
program,
it
can
be
concluded
that
strain
exhibits
Simple
first
-order
model
(SFO).
The
degradative
product
identified
4-aminophenol
High
Resolution
Mass
Spectrometry
method.
chemotaxis
assay
reported
understudy
found
suitable
for
bioaugmentation
purposes.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 31, 2024
Abstract
The
biguanide
drug
metformin
is
prescribed
worldwide
as
a
first-line
blood
glucose-lowering
medication
for
type
2
diabetes,
leading
to
its
presence
in
the
environment
around
world.
Despite
mounting
evidence
indicating
that
metabolic
interactions
of
with
environmental
or
intestinal
microbes
affect
ecological
and
human
health,
little
known
about
fate
by
microbial
catabolism.
Here,
we
characterized
Ni2+-dependent
bacterial
enzyme
catalyzes
hydrolysis
form
guanylurea
dimethylamine.
hydrolase
MetCaCb
heterohexamer
an
uneven
α2β4
stoichiometry.
Both
subunits
are
from
arginase
protein
family,
members
which
typically
homomultimers.
Either
subunit
alone
catalytically
inactive,
but
together
they
work
active
highly
specific
metformin.
crystal
structure
complex
clearly
shows
coordination
binuclear
metal
cluster
only
MetCa,
following
geometry
typical
family
enzymes.
A
unique
pseudoenzyme
MetCb,
evolved
without
cluster,
contributes
activity
binder
cognate.
An
in-silico
search
functional
assay
led
discovery
group
MetCaCb-like
pairs
exhibiting
environment.
Our
findings
not
establish
genetic
biochemical
foundation
catabolism
also
provide
new
insights
into
adaption
ancient
proteins
toward
newly
occurred
substrate.
Wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
are
recognized
as
significant
contributors
of
paracetamol
(APAP)
into
the
environment
due
to
their
limited
ability
degrade
it.
This
study
used
a
bioaugmentation
strategy
with
Pseudomonas
extremaustralis
CSW01
and
Stutzerimonas
stutzeri
CSW02
achieve
APAP
biodegradation
in
solution
wide
ranges
temperature
(10-40
oC)
pH
(5-9),
reaching
DT50
values
<
1.5
hours
500
mg
L-1
APAP.
Bacterial
strains
also
mineralized
(<30%),
but
when
forming
consortia
Mycolicibacterium
aubagnense
HPB1.1,
mineralization
significantly
increased
(up
74%
58%
for
CSW01+HPB1.1
CSW02+HPB1.1,
respectively),
decreasing
only
1
9
days.
Despite
complete
degradation
its
high
mineralization,
residual
toxicity
throughout
process
was
observed.
Three
metabolites
were
identified
(4-aminophenol,
hydroquinone
trans-2-hexenoic
acid)
that
quickly
disappeared,
remained,
indicating
presence
other
non-detected
intermediates.
degraded
100%
(50
kg-1)
adsorbed
on
sewage
sludge,
0.7
0.3
days,
respectively,
15%
mineralized.
A
genome-based
analysis
revealed
amidases,
deaminases,
hydroxylases,
dioxygenases
enzymes
involved
biodegradation,
possible
metabolic
pathway
proposed.