Molecular mechanisms that govern infection and antifungal resistance in Mucorales

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 88(1)

Published: March 6, 2024

SUMMARY The World Health Organization has established a fungal priority pathogens list that includes species critical or highly important to human health. Among them is the order Mucorales, group comprising at least 39 responsible for life-threatening infection known as mucormycosis. Despite continuous rise in cases and poor prognosis due innate resistance most antifungal drugs used clinic, Mucorales received limited attention, partly because of difficulties performing genetic manipulations. COVID-19 pandemic further escalated cases, with some patients experiencing COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, highlighting urgent need increase knowledge about these fungi. This review addresses significant challenges treating disease, including delayed diagnosis, lack accurate global incidence estimation, treatment options. Furthermore, it focuses on recent discoveries regarding mechanisms genes involved development resistance, host defense response. Substantial advancements have been made identifying key invasion tissue damage, receptors exploited by fungus invade tissues, resistance. expected pave way new antifungals combat In addition, we anticipate progress characterizing biology, particularly pathogenesis possibilities offered CRISPR-Cas9 technology manipulation previously intractable species.

Language: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial disorders: A retrospective cohort study

Science Progress, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 108(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted various health conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that may trigger or exacerbate oral and maxillofacial conditions, yet data from Iraq the broader Middle East remain limited. This retrospective cohort study, conducted at Laboratory of Oral Pathology, College Dentistry, University Baghdad, explores potential links between infection disorders. Methods was a study using Baghdad. Cases were divided into pre-COVID-19 post-COVID-19 periods. Chi-square tests assessed differences in pathologies incidence, while logistic regression analyzed associations with status corticosteroid use. Results Mucormycosis cases demonstrated significant increase 3 (pre-COVID-19) to 23 (post-COVID-19), 65.22% patients testing COVID-19-positive. A mucormycosis severity observed after (χ² = 14.24, p 0.0026). Logistic identified age (coefficient 0.8738) as having association severe mucormycosis, 0.1272) exerted lesser effect. Sjögren's syndrome increased 15 25 cases, model area under curve 0.8, indicating substantial ability distinguish symptom changes pre- vs. post-COVID-19. Conclusion findings suggest considerably incidence syndrome. Older positivity be key drivers whereas appeared symptoms. These results underscore importance vigilant monitoring targeted therapeutic strategies for managing conditions during viral pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: An Observational Study with Clinical and Radiographical Presentation

Advances in Human Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 3, 2025

Abstract Introduction: Mucormycosis is an emerging fungal infection increasingly affecting COVID-19 patients, especially those with diabetes. Rhizopus oryzae thrives in high-iron conditions, causing angioinvasion and tissue necrosis. As reported 31%–50% of cases during COVID-19’s second wave, early diagnosis management are crucial to prevent severe complications fatalities. Materials Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective study analyse the clinicoepidemiological profile mucormycosis non-COVID-19 patients. Amongst 492 screened cases, 47 confirmed patients were included. Data collection focused on demographics, clinical features, comorbidities, risk factors, treatments diagnostic findings. Results: COVID-19-associated (CAM) them, 25 had history symptoms, while 15 showed no significant history. The aimed provide data CAM acute recent cases. Conclusion: rapidly spreading disease prolonged corticosteroids or This highlights radiographic emphasising diagnosis. A larger recommended.

Language: Английский

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Post COVID-19 mucormycosis in critical care settings: A prospective cohort study in a tertiary care center in Egypt

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 102523 - 102523

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

The emergence of mucormycosis as a life-threatening fungal infection after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is major concern and challenge, but there limited information on risk factors for mortality in patients. We conducted prospective cohort study from May 2021 to April 2022 determine in-hospital outcomes post-COVID-19 during intensive care unit (ICU) stay. sample was collected consecutive sampling using all accessible patients period. Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25 (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, USA) used statistical analysis. Among 150 with mucormycosis, majority had primary sinus (86.0 %), while 11.3 % both ocular infections, 2.7 cutaneous infections. Around 21 (n = 31) deceased staying ICU median (range) 45.0 (10.0-145.0) days. who pneumonia patches computed tomography (CT) (90.3 %) none were discharged (p < 0.001). group higher rates pulmonary embolism (93.5 compared surviving groups (21.8 %). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, death older above 60 years old (hazard ratio (95 %CI): 6.7 (1.73-15.81)), increase among patient history steroid administration 5.70 (1.23-10.91)), facial 8.76 (1.78-25.18)), uncontrolled diabetes 10.76 (1.78, 65.18)), total leukocytic count (TLC>10 ×103 mcL) 10.03 (3.29-30.61)). Identifying high-risk especially diabetic corticosteroid detecting their deterioration quickly crucial reducing rates, these must be considered when developing treatment quarantine strategies.

Language: Английский

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A fast-track to fungal diagnosis: the potential of molecular diagnostics for fungi at the point of care

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 143 - 146

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 and Fungal Coinfections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Iranian journal of pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 137 - 147

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Fungal co-infections increase the incidence and mortality of viral respiratory tract infections. This study systematically reviews conducts a meta-analysis to evaluate prevalence COVID-19 patients with fungal coinfections. The aim is provide concise overview impact these infections on patient outcomes especially association risk mortality, informing future research optimizing management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Combating Black Fungus: Using Allicin as a Potent Antifungal Agent against Mucorales

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(24), P. 17519 - 17519

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Invasive fungal (IF) diseases are a leading global cause of mortality, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic further exacerbated this scenario, intensifying comorbid IF infections such as mucormycoses the nasopharynx. In work reported here, it is shown that zygomycetes, significant contributors to mycoses, sensitive natural product allicin. Inhibition Mucorales fungi by allicin in solution and vapor was demonstrated. Mathematical modeling showed efficacy comparable direct contact with commercially available antifungal agent amphotericin B (ampB). Furthermore, study revealed synergistic interaction between non-volatile ampB. toxicity human cell lines evaluated found half maximal effective concentration (EC50) 25–72 times higher compared spores. Fungal sensitivity depends on spore concentration, demonstrated drop test. This shows potential allicin, sulfur-containing defense compound from garlic, combat zygomycete fungi. findings underscore allicin’s promise for applications nasopharynx via inhalation, suggesting novel therapeutic avenue against challenging infections.

Language: Английский

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Multiple Gastric Ulcers in An Immunosuppressed Patient with COVID-19 Infection caused by Mucormycosis

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 16 - 16

Published: March 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Corona-Associated Mucormycosis: Case Series Reports and Review of the Literature

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 305 - 305

Published: April 24, 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in cases of mucormycosis was observed patients, especially India, but not exclusively. The presented highlight heterogeneous nature mucormycosis, emphasizing importance recognizing predisposing factors, such as immunosuppression, due to comorbidities or medication. Diagnosing poses challenge nonspecific clinical manifestations, requiring multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis. Treatment involves multi-pronged centered around early initiation antifungal therapy alongside surgical intervention and management underlying conditions, with an emphasis on controlling immunosuppression. Understanding relationship between factors is fundamental developing prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Exenteración ocular en la mucormicosis rino-órbito-cerebral

Revista ORL, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. e31941 - e31941

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Introducción: La mucormicosis es una infección generada por hongos aerobios muy agresiva que pude involucrar vía aérea superior y extenderse a estructuras adyacentes. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el deceso exenteración ocular en pacientes con rino-orbito-cerebral. Método: Se analizaron los aspectos clínicos desenlace de empleó estadística descriptiva, se Ji cuadrado para asociación, riesgo utilizó odd ratio, considerando como significativo un valor p≤0.05. Resultados: De 45, 11 no cumplieron criterios inclusión, encontraron asociaciones sexo, diabetes otras comorbilidades, estadios MROC deceso, COVID-19, ni hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c). Sin embargo, lisis ósea tomografía (p=0.001), tipo procedimiento quirúrgico (p=0.002), (p=0.001) asociaron significativamente deceso. diferencias niveles proteína C reactiva (PCR) (p=0.035), velocidad sedimentación globular (VSG) (p=0.056), recuento absoluto neutrófilos (p=0.000) muerte. Discusión: decisión ocular, aspecto complejo MROC, existen autores quienes señalan impacto psicológico proporción sustancial pacientes. Conclusiones: Las únicas características asociadas estudio fueron presencia ocular.

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